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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self-Assessment)
BØN ;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks) --
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H uhBh iBrDszso Bz{ wkBsk d/D tkbk gfjbk d/P HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ;h.
2H uhB B/ fs~ps s/ HHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u epic eo fbnk.
3H dbkJh bkwk B/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u fs~ps ft~u ftdo'j j'D ekoD Gkos ft~u PoD bJh.
4H nes{po 1959 ft~u uhBhnK B/ b~dky ft~u HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u Gkosh ;[o~fynk db d/ 5 f;gkjhnK
Bz{ wko fd~sk.
5H g~Swh w'ou/ T[~s/ 20 nes{po, 1962 Bz{ uhBhnK B/ rbtkB xkNh ft~u HHHHHHHHHH ;hwktosh u"ehnK
s/ epIk eo fbnk.
12 12 3 ;ko nzP 3 ;ko nzP
3 ;ko nzP
12 12 12.3 ;ko nzP 3 ;ko nzP (Summary)
J uhBh iB^rDszso Bz{ 1 iBtoh, 1950 Bz{ wkBsk d/D tkbk Gkos gfjbk d/P ;h.
J 1954 ft~u gkos ns/ uhb b/ fJ~e ;zXh s/ j;skyo ehs/ , fi;d/ nB[;ko Gkos B/ fs~ps T[Zs/ uhB d/
nfXeko Bz{ ;theko eo fbnk.
J 1959 ft~u fs~ps ft~u pVk ftdo'j j'fJnk ns/ dbkJh bkwk nkgD/ jIkoK nB[:kJhnK Bkb fs~ps s'A
G~i fB~eb/.UjBK Bz{ Gkos ft~u PoD Io{o fd~sh rJh, gqzs{ fBotk;D ft~u ;oeko pDkUD dh fJikIs
BjhA fd~sh rJh ns/ Bk jh okiBhfse rshftXhnK dh fJikIs fd~sh rJh.
J 8 f;szpo, 1962 Bz{ uhBh c"iK B/ Ekrbk gjkVh T[~s/ jwbk eo e/ Gkosh c"iK Bz{ jok fd~sk, gqzs{ fJ; Bz{
fJ~e S'Nh xNBk wzB e/ S~v fd~sk frnk.Bfjo{ fJ~e ;zw/bB bJh bzdB ub/ rJ/, ns/ d/P tkfg; nkUD
s'A pknd 12 nes{po Bz{ e'bzp' otkBk j' rJ/.fJ~e jcs/ pknd uhBh c"i B/ pV/ g?wkB/ s/ jwbk p'b
fd~sk ns/ g{oph ;?eNo B/ck fi; Bz{ pknd ft~u no{Dkub gqd/P fejk ikD b~rk, ft~u Gkosh u"ehnK
T[~s/ epik eo fbnk.
J Bfjo{ B/ okPNogsh e?B/vh Bz{ 9 Btzpo Bz{ d' ys fby/. UjBk ft~u ujBK B/ jkbksK Bz{ ‘;zeNrq;s*
d~f;nk ns/ ftnkge ;?fBe ;jkfJsk dh wzr ehsh.UjBK B/ fpqN/B s'A th wdd wzrh.24 xzN/ pknd
uhBhnK B/ tkfg; ikD dh fJ~esock x'PDk ehsh.
J nkgD/ ;tkfGwkB Bz{ b~r/ fJ; X~e/ s'A T[GoD bJh Gkos Bz{ ekch ;wK b~rk. PkfJd pzrbkd/P ft~u
gkfe;skB T[~s/ fi~s B/ jh fi; ft~u uhB ns/ gkfe;skB dk ;woEB eo oj/ ;B, Gkos Bz{ nkgDk
nksw^;~wkB tkfg; eoD ft~u wdd ehsh. Bfjo{ fJ; u'N s'A ed/ th g{oh soK T[~Go BjhA ;e/.PkfJd
wJh 1964 ft~u UjBK dh w"s fg~S/ th fJj th fJ~e ekoD ;h.
J jwb/ dh ftPkbsk Bz{ t/y e/ Bfjo{ Bz{ pVk X~ek b~rk. UjBK B/ ;'funk fe fJE/ T[ZE/ e[M MrV/^Neokt
j'Dr/, gqzs{ fJzB/ t~v/ g?wkB/ s/ jwbk BjhA j't/rk.jwb/ dk ;o{g ;wMD ft~u UjBK B/ Gkoh rbsh ehsh
Bk fe ftd/P Bhsh ft~u. fJ~e j'o rbsh xpokjN ft~u nwohek ns/ fpqN/B s'~ wdd dh nghb ;h, id'A
fe nrb/ jh fdB uhB tkfg; ubk frnk.
12H4 Ppde'P
12H4 Ppde'P
12H4 Ppde'P
12H4 Ppde'P (Keywords)
12H4 Ppde'P
• Phs :[ZX^tk;sfte :[ZX Bk j' e/ ftukfoe :[ZX j[zdk j?.
• r[~NfBog~ysk^fe;/ th r[~N iK db iK ;zrmB Bkb ;zpzfXs Bk j'Dk, gqzs{ UjBK dhnK rshftXhnK T[~s/
nkgDk fdqPNhe'D g/P eoBk.
12H5 nfGnk; gqPB
12H5 nfGnk; gqPB
12H5 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
12H5 nfGnk; gqPB
12H5 nfGnk; gqPB
1. Gkos ns/ uhB ft~u ;hwk fttkd dh ftt/uBk eo'.
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