Page 227 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV 9-2 ;w-osQ] jf'k;k] Úkal dh U;kf;d O;oLFkk vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M dh la?kh; U;kf;d
O;oLFkk (Judicial System of U.K, Russia, France and Federal Judiciary
of Switzerland)

fczfV'k U;kf;d O;oLFkk (The British Judicial System)

baXySaM esa dkuwu dh voèkkj.kk (The English Concept of Law)
nks egku oSfèkd i¼fr;k¡ % ekuo bfrgkl esa fofèk dh vusd i¼fr;k¡ gSa] ysfdu muesa ls nks loZizèkku gSa&
jkseu dh vlSfud fofèk (Civil Law) vkSj baXySaM dh lkekU; vFkok lkoZtfud fofèk (Common Law) fo'o
osQ fdlh Hkh ns'k dh U;kf;d O;oLFkk bu nks i¼fr;ksa ls vNwrh ugha gSA egkns'kh; ;wjksi] ySfVu vesfjdk osQ
iztkrU=k] nf{k.k vÚhdk] tkiku vkfn ns'k jkse dh U;kf;d fopkjèkkjk ls izHkkfor gq, gSa tcfd vk;ySaM]
la;qDr&jkT; vesfjdk] lkeqfæd fczfV'k mifuos'k] baXySaM dh lkekU; fofèk osQ izHkko {ks=k esa vkrs gSaA equjks us
dgk Hkh gS fd ¶fo'o osQ vfèkdrj Hkkx dh ;k=kk mu ns'kksa ls fcuk xqtjs dh tk ldrh gSA tks baXySaM ;k jkse
dh fofèk;ksa dks vknj ugha djrsA¸
vko';d gS fd ,d U;k;kèkh'k dks mldh fLFkfr ,oa xkSjo osQ vuq:i fuf'pr vkSj i;kZIr osru feysA gSfeYVu
us cgqr Bhd fy[kk gS fd ¶;g ekuo&LoHkko gS fd tks euq"; viuh vkthfodk dh n`f"V ls 'kfDr&lEiUu gS
mlosQ ikl ladYi dk Hkh cM+k cy gksrk gSA¸ vr% U;k;ikfydk dh LorU=krk ,oa fu"i{krk osQ fy, U;k;kèkh'kksa
osQ fy, vPNs osru dk gksuk Hkh vfuok;Z gSA lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd muosQ osruksa esa muosQ inkofèk&dky
esa ifjorZu ugha gksA
U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dk fl¼kar (Theory of Judicial Review): U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu ,d ,slk fl¼kUr gS
ftldk ns'k osQ jktuhfrd thou ij fu.kkZ;d laoSèkkfud izHkko iM+rk gSA ;g U;k;ikfydk dh og 'kfDr gS ftlosQ
}kjk foèkkf;dk ;k dk;kZikfydk osQ fu.kZ;ksa dks voSèk ;k xSj laoSèkkfud ?kksf"kr djus dk vfèkdkj gSA bl 'kfDr
osQ vUrxZr U;k;ky; lafoèkku dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA eq[; :i ls la?kkRed lafoèkkuksa esa U;k;ikfydk dks bu 'kfDr;ksa
ls foHkwf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA

fl¼kUrr% U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu fl¼kUr dh ifjHkk"kk fofHkUu :i ls fo¼kukas }kjk nh x;h gSA iQjX;wlu vkSj eSdgsujh
us bldh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, dgk gS fd U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu U;k;ky; dh og 'kfDr gS tks fdlh Hkh dkuwu ;k ljdkjh
dk;Z dks voSèk ?kksf"kr dj ldrh gS ;fn og le>s fd ;g ekSfyd dkuwu ;k lafoèkku osQ foijhr gSA izksú ,pú
tsú vczkge us U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ;g U;k;ky; dh ,d ,slh 'kfDr gS tks
fdlh Hkh dkuwu ;k ljdkjh dk;Z dks vlaoSèkkfud ?kksf"kr dj ldrh gS vkSj blosQ iz;ksx dks jksd ldrh gS rFkk
fdlh Hkh ljdkjh vfèkdkjh osQ voSèk dk;Z dks xSj&dkuwuh ?kksf"kr dj ldrh gS] ;fn ekSfyd dkuwuksa ls os fHkUu
gksaA¸ fcVsfudk fo'o&dks"k us U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, fy[kk gS fd U;k;yk;ksa }kjk fdlh ns'k esa
U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu og 'kfDr gS ftlosQ }kjk og foèkk;h dk;Zikfydk vkSj iz'kkldh; dk;ks± dk ijh{k.k djrh
gS vkSj og ns[krh gS fd ,sls dk;Z lafoèkku osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ vuqdwy gksa vkSj ;fn os ,slk ugha gksrs rks mUgsa voSèk
vkSj vizHkkoh ?kksf"kr djus dk vfèkdkj mUgsa gSA U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu fl¼kUr dk vfLrRo fyf[kr lafoèkku esa ns[kk
tk ldrk gSA

lkekU;r% U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dk fl¼kar la?kkRed lafoèkku esa ik;k tkrk gS ftlesa foèkk;h 'kfDr;ksa
dk osQUæ vkSj bdkb;ksa esa foHkkftr gksrk gS] ukxfjdksa osQ ewy vfèkdkj gksrs gSa vkSj fofèk&fuekZ=kh 'kfDr
ij vadq'k yxk gksrk gSA¸

222 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY