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bdkbZμ9% laoSèkkfud lajpukμU;k;ikfydk

dk;Z&fofèk;ksa (Rules of procedure) dk fuekZ.k laln dh U;kf;d fu;e lfefr (Judicial Rule Committee) djrh uksV
gS tks fo'ks"kKksa dh ,d lfefr gSA fo'ks"kK oSfèkd ifjHkk"kkvksa rFkk U;kf;d fu;eksa dk bl izdkj fuekZ.k djrs gS fd
U;k; esa 'kh?kzrk gksA izoh.krk] n{krk rFkk 'kh?kzrk osQ fy, fczfV'k U;k;&O;oLFkk fo'o esa loZJs"B LFkku j[krh gSA
(ix) odhyksa dh izFkk % odhyksa dh nqgjh iz.kkyh Hkh fczfV'k O;oLFkk dh ,d fo'ks"krk gSA izFke Js.kh osQ odhy]
ftUgsa lkWfyflVj (Solicitors) ;k ,VkWuhZ dgk tkrk gS dkuwuh lykg nsrs gSA f}rh; Js.kh osQ odhy ftugs cSfjLVj
(Barrister) dgk tkrk gS] U;k;ky; esa oknh osQ leFkZu esa lqfDr;k¡ is'k djrs gSaA

fczfV'k U;k;&O;oLFkk dk laxBu (Organisation of the British Judicial System)
iQkStnkjh vkSj nhokuh U;k;ky; % yxHkx ,d 'krkCnh iwoZ fczfV'k U;k;ky; dk dksbZ lqO;ofLFkr laxBu ugha
FkkA ysfdu 1873 bZú osQ chp vusd vfèkfu;e cus vkSj U;kf;d O;oLFkk dks laxfBu fd;k x;kA vktdy fczVsu
esa nks izdkj osQ U;k;ky; gSa&(1) iQkStnkjh U;k;ky; vkSj (2) nhokuh U;k;ky; ftudk laxBu fofHkUu Lrjh;
U;k;ky;ksa esa fd;k x;k gSA iQkStnkjh U;k;ky;ksa }kjk lkoZtfud mYya?ku osQ fy, n.M fn;k tkrk gS] tSls&gR;k]
pksjh] MdSrh èkks[ksckth bR;kfnA nhokuh U;k;ky; os gSa tks ukxfjdksa osQ ikjLifjd >xM+ksa dk fucVkjk djrs gSa] tSls
lEifÙk {kfr ;k vukfèkdkj izos'k] ekugkfu vkfn ls lEcfUèkr ekeys bR;kfnA
(d) iQkStnkjh U;k;ky; (Criminal Courts)

(i) lejh tqfj'kfMD'ku dk U;k;ky; % lejh tqfj'kfMD'ku (Summary Juirisdiction) dk U;k;ky; iQkStnkjh
U;k;ky;ksa esa lcls fuEu Lrj dk U;k;ky; gSA tfLVl vkWiQ nh ihl (Justice of the peace) ;k o`ÙkHkksxh eSftLVªsV
eqdnesa dh tkap djrs gSaA o`fÙkHkksxh eSftLVªsV dh fu;qfDr x`gea=kh vkSj tfLVl vkWiQ nh ihl dh fu;qfDr ykWM pkalyj
djrk gSA nksuksa osQ i`Fkd&i`Fkd dk;Z gksrs gSaA bu U;k;ky;ksa esa NksVs&NksVs vfHk;ksxksa ij fopkj gksrk gS] ysfdu laxhu
vfHk;ksx ij isVh ls'kal dksVZ (Court of Petty Sessions) ftlesa nks ;k nks ls vfèkd eSftLVªsV gksrs gaS }kjk lquokbZ
gksrh gSA

(ii) DokVZj ls'kUl dk U;k;ky; % DokVZj ls'kUl (Quarter Sessions) dk U;k;ky; lejh tqfj'kfMD'ku osQ
U;k;ky; ls Åij gksrk gSA bls dkm.Vh U;k;ky; (County Courts) Hkh dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd dkm.Vh esa nks ;k
nks vfèkd tt fy;s tkrs gSaA blosQ lHkkifr dks fjdkMZj (Recorder) dgrs gSA ;g U;k;ky; dqN xEHkhj vijkèkksa
osQ fy, vkjfEHkd U;k;ky; (Original Court) gSA lejh tqfj'kfMD'ku ls vihysa bl U;k;ky; esa vkrh gSA

(iii) ,lkbtst dk U;k;ky;% DokVZj ls'kUl osQ U;k;ky; ls Åij ,lkbtst (Assizes) osQ U;k;ky; vkrs gSaA
blesa mPp U;k;ky; osQ fdaXl csap foHkkx (King's Bench Divison) osQ dkmf.V;ksa es U;k; djus osQ fy, nkSjk
ij fudyrs gSaA blesa nks U;k;èkh'k jgrs gSaA blesa DokVZj ls'kUl osQ U;k;ky; ls vihy dh tkrh gSaA
(iv) dksVZ vkWiQ fØfeuy vihy % mi;qZDr U;k;ky; osQ Åij dksVZ vkWiQ fØfeuy vihy (Criminal appeal)
gksrh gSA uhps osQ U;k;ky; ls blesa vihy dh tkrh gSA ;g loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ vax gSa ftlesa ykWMZ phiQ tfLVl
rFkk fdaXl csap foHkkx osQ rhu U;k;kèkh'k gksrs gSaA ;g eqdnesa dks fiQj ls tk¡p&iM+rky dj ldrk gSA
(v) ykMZ&lHkk% U;kf;d laxBu osQ lcls Åijh fljs ij ykMZ&lHkk (House of Lords) gS tgk¡ iQkStnkjh vkSj nhokuh
nksuksa izdkj osQ eqdneksa dh vfUre vihy gksrh gSA ;g loksZPp U;k;ky; gS rFkk blesa fliQZ oSèkkfud rFkk lkoZtfud
egÙo ls lEcfUèkr eqdneksa dh vihy dh tk ldrh gSA
([k) nhokuh U;k;ky; (Civil Court)

(i) dkmUVh U;k;ky; % dkm.Vh U;k;ky; (County Courts) nhokuh ekeyks esa lcls fuEu Lrj dk U;k;ky;
gSA 290 ikS.M ls de ekfy;r eqdnes dh lquokbZ dh ;ksX;rk blesa gksrh gSA 1846 bZú esa laln vfèkfu;e osQ }kjk
bldh LFkkiuk dh x;h gSA iwjs baXySaM vkSj osYl dks 500 U;kf;d ftyksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gS vkSj lHkh ftyksa dks
60 lfdZVksa (Circuits) esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA izR;sd ftyksa osQ fy, ykWMZ pkalyj ,d U;k;kèkh'k dh fu;qfDr djrk gS

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