Page 231 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV tks lfdZV osQ izR;sd ftyk esa ,d eghuk rd U;k;ky; dh cSBd djrk gSA ;ksa rks ns[kus esa bl U;k;ky; osQ dk;Z
cgqr vfèkd yxrs gSa] ysfdu okLro esa rhl izfr'kr eqdnesa gh U;k;kèkh'k }kjk lqus tkrs gSaA ckdh eqdneksa dks
jftLVªkj vkSj DydZ le>kSrk vkfn djosQ fucVk nsrs gSaA dkm.Vh U;k;ky; dh dk;Z&iz.kkyh cgqr ljy gSA
mPp U;k;ky; % ;fn eqdnek dh ekfy;r dkm.Vh U;k;ky; osQ {ks=kkfèkdkj ls ckgj gks rks mPp U;k;ky; (high
Court of Justice) osQ fdlh foHkkx esa eqdíes dh lquokbZ gksrh gSA mPp U;k;ky; 1873 bZú osQ tqMhosQpj ,sDV
(Judicature Act) osQ vkèkkj ij cuk gSA blesa ykWMZ phiQ tfLVl vkSj 30 vU; U;k;kèkh'k gksrs gSaA bl U;k;ky;
osQ rhu foHkkx gSa&

(d) fdaXl csap fMohtu (king's Bench Divison)
([k) pkaljh fMohtu (Chancery Divison)
(x) izksosV rykd vkSj ,MfejYVh fMohtu (Probates Divorce and Admirality Divison)

(ii) vihy dk U;k;ky;% blosQ ckn vihy dk U;k;ky; (Court of Appeal) gksrk gS ftlesa dkm.Vh U;k;ky;ksa
rFkk mPp U;k;ky;ksa ls vihysa lquh tkrh gSaA bldh nks rhu fMohtu gksrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh eqdnesa dh lquokbZ osQ
fy, leLr ykWMZ tfLVlst (Lord Justices) ,d lkFk cSBrs gSaA bl U;k;ky; esa ekLVj vkWiQ jkWYl (Master of
Rolls) vkSj vkB ykWMZ tfLV~l vkWiQ vihysa (Lord Justice of Appeal) cSBrs gSaA
(iii) ykWMZ lHkk% vihy osQ U;k;ky; ls Hkh vihyksa dks dqN fo'ks"k 'krks± osQ vèkhu ykWMZ&lHkk esa yk;k tkrk gSA

ykWMZ&lHkk leLr ns'k dk loksZPp vihyh; U;k;ky; gSA nhokuh vkSj iQkStnkjh nksuksa ekeyksa dh vihysa bles gksrh
gSaA ykWMZ&lHkk osQ U;k;ky; dk xBu dqN vkthou fi;jksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gS ftUgsa ykWMZl vkWiQ vihy bu vkfMZujh
(Lords of Apeal in ordinary) vFkok fofèkK ykWM~l (Law Lords) dgk tkrk gSA tqfj'kfMD'ku vfèkfu;e 1947
bZ- osQ }kjk bl U;k;ky; dk iquxZBu gqvk vkSj fofèkK ykWMks± dh la[;k c<+kdj 9 dj nh x;hA ;s ykWMZ mPp
[;kfr&izkIr U;k;&'kkL=k&osÙkk] U;k;kèkh'k ;k mPpdksfV os odhy gksrs gSaA bl U;k;ky; dk vè;{k ykWMZ pkalyj
(Lord Chancellor) gksrk gS] tks efU=keaMy dk Hkh lnL; gksrk gSA
(x) fizoh ifj"kn~ dh U;kf;d lfefr (Judicial Committee of the Privy Council): fczfV'k laxBu esa fizoh
ifj"kn~ U;kf;d lfefr dk Hkh LFkku mYys[kuh; gSA ;g ,d mPpoa'kh; vihyh; lnu gSA ;g oLrqr% U;k;ky;
ugha gS] cfYd ,d ijke'kZ&nkr` lfefr gSA vkt bldk fo'ks"k egRo blfy, gS fd ;g leqæ ikj osQ mifuo'kksa ls
vk;h gqbZ vihy dks lqurh gSA bl lfefr osQ lnL; fizoh ifj"kn~ (Privy Councillor) gksrs gSA ftudks vU; jkT;ksa
osQ U;k;kèkh'kx.k vius ns'k dh U;k;&O;oLFkk osQ vuqlkj vko';d eU=k.kk nsrs gSaA bl lfefr esa yxHkx 20 Le`frdkj
vFkok U;k;'kkL=kh gksrs gSa ftuesa fofèkK ykWM~Zl (Law Lords) Hkh gksrs gSaA bl lfefr dk ,d fo'ks"k vfèkdkj&{ks=k
gS&;q¼ dky esa leqæh ywV osQ eky dk c¡Vokjk djukA

fczfV'k U;k;&O;oLFkk dk ewY;kadu (British Judicaial System Evaluated): fczfV'k U;k;&O;oLFkk fu"i{krk]
izoh.krk rFkk dk;Zijk;.k;rk osQ fy, fo'o&fo[;kr gSA U;k;ky; Lora=k gS rFkk muij jktuhfrd izHkko ugha iM+rk
gSA fuEu Lrj osQ U;k;ky;ksa osQ foosd rFkk fu.kZ; ij i;kZIr fu;a=k.k jgrk gSA blfy, fczfV'k U;k;&O;oLFkk bl
flyflys esa fo'o esa lcls vfèkd lkSHkkX;oku gSA ysfdu vU; iz'u Hkh gS] ftUgsa fczfV'k U;k;ky;ksa dh n{krk dks
tk¡pus fy, mBk;k tk ldrk gSA
(i) U;k;ky; dk okrkoj.k dSlk gS % igyk iz'u fczfV'k U;k;ky;ksa osQ okrkoj.k (Atmosphere of Courts)
osQ lEcUèk esa mBk;k tkrk gSA U;k;ky;ksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh cgqr gh xEHkhj gSA ;gk¡ rd fd fuEu U;k;ky;ksa dh izfr"Bk
rFkk vkpkj vesfjdk osQ mPp U;k;ky;ksa ls dgha Js"B gSA U;k;kèkh'k mPp vklu ij cSBrk gS odhy xkÅu esa
foHkwf"kr c¡èks gq, 'kCnksa esa rdZ&fordZ djrs gSaA xokgksa ls fliQZ eqdíesa osQ rF;ksa osQ ckjs esa iwNk tkrk gS] U;k;kèkh'k

226 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY