Page 233 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV ikyu gSA r`rh;] fofèk dk 'kklu laln dh lEizHkqrk dk vkèkkj gSA blosQ vUrxZr laln osQ ekè;e ls loZlkèkkj.k
fofèk dk nkl gSA
Mk;lh dh O;k[;k % izksú Mk;lh us fofèk osQ 'kklu dh ljy O;k[;k dh gSA mlosQ vuqlkj blosQ vUrxZr rhu
fofHkUu ijUrq ltkrh; fopkj gSaA izFke] bldk vFkZ gS fd u rks fdlh dks n.M fn;k tk ldrk gS u fdlh dks
'kkjhfjd d"V vFkok gkfu igq¡pkbZ tk ldrh gS tcrd fd dksbZ O;fDr Li"Vr% fofèk osQ fo:¼ vkpj.k u djs
vkSj og fofèk fo:¼ vkpj.k ns'k osQ lkekU; U;k;ky; esa fl¼ u gks tk;A rkRi;Z ;g gS fd baXySM esa fdlh O;fDr
dks rc rd nf.Mr ugha fd;k tk ldrk tc rd fd ;g Li"V :i ls fl¼ u gks tk; fd mlus ns'k osQ fdlh
dkuwu dks rksM+k gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa bl 'kklu osQ vUrxZr euekus <ax ls u rks fdlh dh tku yh tk ldrh gS u
fdlh dh lEifÙk ;k LorU=krk dk vijg.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkSj u fu;e osQ fo:¼ fdlh dks dkjkx`g esa j[kk
tk ldrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr vfHk;ksx dh [kqyh lquokbZ gksrh gS vkSj vfHk;qDr dks vius cpko osQ fy, liQkbZ
nsus dk iwjk volj fn;k tkrk gSA

f}rh;] fofèk osQ 'kklu dk vFkZ ;g gS fd dksbZ O;fDr dkuwu ls Åij ugha cfYd izR;sd O;fDr pkgs mldk in
vkSj fLFkfr dqN gks] ns'k osQ lkekU; dkuwu ls 'kkflr gksrk gSA rFkk lkekU; fVªC;wuyksa osQ {ks=kkfèkdkj osQ vUrxZr
jgrk gSA tks pht ,d vkneh osQ fy, dkuwu gS og leLr ukxfjdksa dk dkuwu gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ns'k dk izR;sd ukxfjd fofèk osQ lEeq[k leku gS vkSj lcosQ fy, ,d gh izdkj dh fofèk gSA jktk
jad] vehj] xjhc] Å¡p] uhp lHkh fofèk osQ le{k leku gSA Úkal esa lkekU; ukxfjdksa rFkk iz'kklu osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa
osQ fy, vyx&vyx fofèk;k¡ rFkk U;k;ky; gSaA ysfdu baXySM esa vke turk rFkk uhps ls Åij rd lHkh vfèkdkfj;ksa
osQ fy, ,d gh fofèk rFkk U;k;ky; gSA ;fn 'kklu osQ vfèkdkjh fdlh O;fDr osQ lkFk vU;k; djrs gS vFkok fofèk
}kjk nh x;h 'kfDr;ksa dk nq:i;ksx djrs gSa rks muosQ fo:¼ lkekU; U;k;ky; esa lkekU; fofèk osQ vuqlkj nkok
fd;k tk ldrk gSA izR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh izèkkuea=kh ls ysdj ,d flikgh rd ,d lkèkkj.k ukxfjd dh rjg
vius voSèk dk;Z osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA

r`rh;] fczfV'k lafoèkku osQ lkekU; fl¼kar mu U;kf;d fu.kZ; osQ ifj.kke gSa] ftuesa U;k;ky;ksa us fo'ks"k vfHk;ksxksa
esa lkèkkj.k ukxfjdksa osQ vfèkdkj dks fuf'pr fd;k gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd bxySaM esa ukxfjdksa dh LorU=krk dk vkèkkj
U;kf;d fu.kZ; gSA U;k;kèkh'kksa us O;fDr;ksa dh LorU=krk dh lqj{kk esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksx fn;k gSA
Mk;lh dh O;k[;k dh vkykspuk % Mk;lh osQ fofèk osQ 'kklu lacUèkh fopkjksa dh izcy vkykspuk dh x;h gSA
osV tsfuaXl] jkWYlu vkfn ys[kdksa us mlosQ fopkjksa dks =kqfViw.kZ cryk;k gSA

(i) izFke O;k[;k% igyh O;k[;k osQ lEcUèk esa ;gk dgk tkrk gS fd Mk;lh dh O;k[;k LosPNkpkjh 'kfDr
(arbitarary power) vkSj Lofoosd dh vkykspuk&vfèkdkj (discretionary authority) osQ Hksn dks Li"V u dj
ldk] vfirq mlus bu nksuksa 'kCnksa dks my>k fn;kA oLrqr% Lofoosd 'kfDr;ksa dk vFkZ LosPNkpkjh 'kfDr dk vFkZ
vuqÙkjnk;h rFkk vfu;fU=kr 'kfDr gSA ;g fofèk osQ 'kklu dk fojksèkh gS ysfdu Lofoosd 'kfDr dk iz;ksx vkt
ifjgk;Z gS] tSlk fd iznÙk O;oLFkkiu (delegated Legislation) osQ O;ogkj ls Li"V gSA ;fn Lofoosd 'kfDr dk
iz;ksx fofèk osQ 'kklu osQ fo:¼ gS rks fofèk osQ 'kklu osQ fy, fdlh Hkh vkèkqfud 'kklu&O;oLFkk esa ughA
(ii) Mk;lh dk f}fr; vFkZ Hkh lafnXèk gSA 'kklu osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ ikl dfri; fo'ks"kkfèkdkj ,o foeqfDr;k¡ gS]
ftuls lkoZtfud vfèkdkj ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA vU; lexz jk"Vªksa dh rjg baXySaM Hkh vius 'kkldksa rFkk dwVuhfrd
vfèkdkfj;ksa dks U;k;ky;ksa dh dk;Z&iz.kkyh eqdnek vkfn osQ lEcUèk esa dfri; foeqfDr;k¡ iznku djrs gSaA ,sls Hkh
mnkgj.k gSa ftuesa vkUrfjd vko';drkvksa osQ dkj.k foeqfDr;k¡ nsuh iM+h Fkh tSls&1960 bZ- osQ VªsM fMI;wV~l ,sDV
(Trade Disputes Act) osQ vuqlkj fdlh O;fDr dh 'kkjhfjd ;k lkEifÙkd gkfu ij Hkh VsªM ;wfu;u osQ fo:¼
vnkyrh dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr vkt iz'kkldh; foHkkxksa dks vius {ks=k esa U;k;ky;ksa dh

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