Page 292 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ12% çfrfufèkRo dh jktuhfr vkSj lgHkkfxrk

System) rFkk lhfer er ç.kkyh (Restrictive Vote System) dks Hkh viukus dk lq>ko fn;k gSA ysfdu ;s uksV
lHkh lq>ko fczfV'k lanHkZ esa nks"keqDr ugha gS vkSj buosQ viukus ls fczVsu dh f}nyh; i¼fr lekIr gks tk;xh
ftldk çfrdwy vlj ogk¡ dh jktuhfrd fLFkjrk ij iM+sxkA iQyr% fczVsu osQ yksx orZeku fuokZpu vkSj
çfrfufèkRo dh O;oLFkk dks mi;qDr ekurs gSa vkSj lpeqp fo'o osQ vfèkdka'k ns'kksa us blh fczfV'k i¼fr dks
viuk;k gSA bl vkèkkj ij pqus tkus osQ ckotwn çfrfufèk;ksa dk n`f"Vdks.k ges'kk jk"Vªh; gksrk gS vkSj os vius
dks laiw.kZ ns'k dk çfrfufèk ekurs gSaA
vesfjdk esa çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu O;oLFkk (Representation and Election System in U.S.A.):
vesfjdk Hkh ,d yksdrkaf=kd ns'k gS ftldk fyf[kr lafoèkku vkèkqfud thfor lafoèkkuksa esa lcls iqjkuk gSA vr%
çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu dks ogk¡ Hkh cgqr egÙo fn;k x;k gSA lHkh egÙoiw.kZ laoSèkkfud fudk;ksa dk pquko
vesfjdk esa gksrk gSA jk"Vªifr] mijk"Vªifr] dk¡xzsl osQ nksuksa lnu (çfrfufèk lHkk vkSj lhusV) rFkk jkT;ksa esa xouZj
turk }kjk pqus tkrs gSaA orZeku le; esa jk"Vªifr dk O;ogkj esa çR;{k pquko pkj o"kZ osQ fy, turk }kjk
gksrk gSA çfrfufèk lHkk vesfjdh ernkrkvksa }kjk çR;{k :i ls pquh tkrh gSA lhusV dk fuekZ.k jkT;ksa dh lekurk
ladh.kZ fl¼kUr ij gksrk gS vkSj mlosQ Hkh lnL; fuf'pr dksVk osQ vuqlkj jkT;ksa }kjk pqus tkrs gSaA 1913 ls
iwoZ lhusV osQ bu lnL;ksa dk pquko ijks{k :i ls çR;sd jkT; dh foèkkf;dk }kjk gksrk FkkA ysfdu lafoèkku osQ
l=kgosa la'kksèku osQ vuqlkj vc bu jkT;ksa osQ ukxfjd çR;{k :i esa bUgsa pqurs gSaA çfrfufèk lHkk dk xBu jkT;ksa
dh tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk gS vkSj fuokZpu çR;{k rFkk o;Ld erkfèkdkj osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk gSA lafoèkku
osQ mUuhloha la'kksèku }kjk çR;sd L=kh dks Hkh ernku dk vfèkdkj çnku fd;k x;k gSA fuokZpu vkSj çfrufèkRo
dh bl O;oLFkk ls ;gh fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd ekSfyd :i ls laçHkqrk ogk¡ dh turk esa fuokl djrh gSA
bldh Li"V ppkZ lafoèkku dh çLrkouk esa gSA vesfjdk lafoèkku dks x.kra=k Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd jkT; dk
çèkku ;kuh jk"Vªifr dk pquko lhèks turk }kjk gksrk gSA

Úkal esa çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu O;oLFkk (Representation and Eelction System in France): Úkal esa
Økafr osQ le; gh Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj Hkzkr`Ro osQ tks ukjs lkjh nqfu;k dks fn;s x;s ftlosQ xHkZ esa fuokZpu
vkSj çfrfufèkRo O;oLFkk fufgr gS] prqFkZ x.kra=k esa çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu dk lHkh O;oLFkk,¡ fczfV'k çfreku
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ysfdu iape x.kra=k esa jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk Lo:i cny tkus ls blesa dqN ifjorZu vk;k
gS ysfdu ewy :i ls turk dks gh lHkh vfèkdkj gSA fcuk fdlh HksnHkko osQ lHkh Úkalhlh ukxfjdksa dks ernku
dk vfèkdkj gSA

Úkal esa jk"Vªifr rFkk laln~ osQ nksuksa lnuksa (jk"Vªh; lHkk vkSj lhusV) dk fuokZpu gksrk gSA jk"Vªifr turk }kjk pquk
tkrk gSA blfy, Úkal ,d x.kra=k gSA jk"Vªh; lHkk osQ lnL;ksa dk pquko O;kid] çR;{k] leku vkSj xqIr ernku
osQ vkèkkj ij gksrk gSA lHkh O;Ld ukxfjdksa dks erkfèkdkj çkIr gSA iwjs ns'k dks leku fuokZpu {ks=kksa esa ck¡V fn;k tkrk
gS vkSj çR;sd {ks=k ls ,d çfrfufèk pquk tkrk gSA nwljh vksj lhusV osQ lnL;ksa dk pquko O;kid ijks{k erkfèkdkj osQ
vkèkkj ij gksrk gSA Úkal osQ çknsf'kd foHkkxksa vkSj çoklh ukxfjdksa dk çfrufèkRo Hkh blh lnu esa gksrk gSA
fLoV~tjySaM esa çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu O;oLFkk (Representation and Election System in Switzerland):
fLoV~tjySaM esa çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu O;oLFkk dk Lo:i fczVsu] vesfjdk] vkSj Úkal ls fHkUu gSA blosQ vykok
vkt Hkh fLoV~tjySaM esa çR;{k çtkra=k osQ :i ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA Lohl la?kh; lHkk f}lnukRed gS ftlesa çFke
lnu dks jk"Vªh; lHkk (National Council) dgk tkrk gS tks Lohl turk dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gSA jkT; lHkk
(Council of States) dks f}rh; lnu dgk tkrk gS tks dSaVuksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA blesa çR;sd dSaVu osQ nks
vkSj çR;sd v¼Z dSaVu ls ,d çfrfufèk fy;s tkrs gSaA
çFke lnu ;kuh jk"Vªh; lHkk dk xBu turk osQ }kjk fuokZfpr çfrfufèk;ksa }kjk gksrk gSA çR;sd Lohl ukxfjd tks
20 o"kZ dk gks pqdk gS ernku esa Hkkx ysrk gSA pquko xqIr ernku }kjk gksrk gSA ysfdu fczVsu] vesfjdk] Úkal

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