Page 293 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV vkSj Hkkjr dh rjg ogk¡ lkèkkj.k cgqer ij vkèkkfjr ,d lnL;h; fuokZpu ç.kkyh }kjk pquko ugha gksrkA blosQ
pquko osQ fy, vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo ç.kkyh {ks=k esa yk;h tkrhA çR;sd dSaVu ,d fuokZpu {ks=k gksrk gS ftlesa
çfrfufèk;ksa osQ pquko osQ fy, fofHkUu ny vius&vius mEehnokjksa dh lwph çLrqr djrs gSaA bl çdkj mEehnokj
O;fDrxr :i ls ugha cfYd lkeqnkf;d :i ls [kM+s gksrs gSA çR;sd lwph esa mrus gh uke gksrs gSa ftrus ml dSaVu
osQ LFkku gksaA ernkrk mrus er nsus dk vfèkdkjh gksrk gS ftrus lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu ml dSaVu ls gksrk gSA fdUrq
vkuqikfrd çfrfufèkRo i¼fr dk ç;ksx osQoy mUgha dSaVuksa esa fd;k tkrk gS tgk¡ ,d ls vfèkd lnL;ksa dk pquko
gksrk gSA ftu dSaVuksa ls osQoy ,d lnL; fuokZfpr gksrk gS ogk¡ lkèkkj.k ç.kkyh }kjk ernku gksrk gSA
blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd fuokZpu vkSj çfrfufèkRo dh vkuqikfrd ç.kkyh esa Hkh vusd nks"k gSaA ysfdu vfèkdka'k
fo}kuksa dh èkkj.kk gS fd Úkal vkSj bVyh dh rjg bl i¼fr osQ cqjs urhts fLoVtjySaM esa ns[kus dks ugha feyrsA
lpeqp bl ç.kkyh us fLoV~tjySaM osQ çfrfufèkRo vkSj fuokZpu esa U;k; dh ço`fÙk dks mRlkfgr fd;k gS vkSj tuer
laxzg osQ nks"kksa dks lekIr fd;k gSA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)

fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, (Fill in the Blanks)—

1- --------------------------------- lcls iqjkuk çtkrkaf=kd ns'k gSA
2- fuokZpu vkSj çfrfufèkRo O;oLFkk dk fodkl lcls igys ------------------------- esa gqvkA
3- orZeku esa vejhdh jk"Vªifr dk çR;{k pquko ---------------------- osQ fy, turk }kjk gksrk gSA
4- Úkal osQ iape x.kra=k esa ewy :i ls lHkh vfèkdkj ------------------------- dks gh gSA
5- vkt Hkh --------------------------- esa çR;{k çtkra=k osQ :i ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA
12-4 lkjka'k (Summary)

z :lks (Rousseau) dk Hkh dguk gS fd çfrfufèkRo dh dYiuk vkèkqfud gS bldh mRifÙk dk dkj.k ljdkjksa
dh LosPNkpkfjrk FkhA fiQj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd çkphu çtkrkfU=kd jkT;ksa esa bldh FkksM+h cgqr 'kq:vkr
gks pqdh FkhA ysfdu eè;dkyhu ;qx esa ;g Li"V :i ls n`f"Vxkspj gksus yxhA tc dqN jktkvksa dks èku
dh vko';drk gksrh Fkh rks os djkjksi.k osQ lacUèk esa eU=k.kk ysus osQ fy, dqN tu&çfrfufèk;ksa dks vkefU=kr
djrs FksA çfrfufèk;ksa osQ lewg us èkhjs&èkhjs çfrfufèk laLFkk dk :i xzg.k dj fy;kA ftls baXySaM esa laln
(Parliament)] Úkal esa LVsV~l tujy (Estates General) rFkk tkiku esa Mk;V (Diet) dgk tkrk FkkA
z 1213 bZñ esa bl çdkj dh lHkk cqyk;hA 1256 bZñ esa cSjuksa osQ fot;&lÙkk lkbeu&Mh ekaViQksMZ (Simon de-
Montford) us laln~ dh cSBd cqyk;h ftlesa lkeUrksa] iknfj;ksa vkSj dkmf.V;ksa osQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ vfrfjDr
21 uxjksa (Boroughs) ls Hkh nks&nks çfrfufèk vkeafU=kr gq,A
z 1295 bZ- esa ,MoMZ çFke us laln~ dh cSBd cqyk;hA ;g bfrgkl esa ^vkn'kZ laln~* (Model Parliament)
osQ uke ls fo[;kr gS] D;ksafd 400 O;fDr;ksa dh bl lHkk esa çk;% lHkh çeq[k oxks±&oSju] iknjh] ukbV] uxj
vkfn dks çfrfufèkRo feykA blosQ i'pkr~ fczfV'k O;oLFkk dk og ,d LFkkuh; vkSj vfuok;Z vax cu x;hA
z vBkjgoha 'krkCnh esa lezkV~ ,d laoSèkkfud çèkku ek=k jg x;k vkSj laln~ iw.kZ lkoZHkkSe gks x;hA mUuhloha
rFkk orZeku 'krkCnh esa ;g fodkl iw.kZ gks x;kA

z baXySaM esa 'kq: ls gh laln~ dk :i va'kr% çfrfuè;kRed (Representative) jgk gS] D;ksafd uxjksa vkSj
lkeUrksa osQ çfrfufèk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa pqus tkrs FksA baXySaM osQ fy, çfrfufèkRo dk fl¼kUr dksbZ u;k
fl¼kar ugha FkkA
z vr% lPph çfrfuè;kRed ljdkj dh LFkkiuk orZeku dky esa gqbZA ysfdu bldh uhao o`gr~ lHkk esa dkmUVh

288 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY