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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV 13-2 ;w-osQ-] ;w-,l-,- vkSj Úkal esa jktuhfrd ny (Political Party in UK, U.S.A.
and France)
fczVsu esa jktuhfrd ny (Political Parties in Britian)
jktuhfrd ny fczfV'k 'kklu&iz.kkyh dh fo'ks"k cqfu;kn dk ewykèkkj gSA ;g dguk vuqfpr u gksxk fd fczfV'k
lafoèkku osQ fodkl esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk Hkh laxBu gqvk vkSj erkfèkdkj osQ izlkj osQ lkFk&lkFk ;g laxBu
vfèkdkfèkd tfVy] lqn`<+ ,oa vuq'kkluc¼ gksrk x;kA fczfV'k 'kklu dh lalnh; fo'ks"krkvksa osQ liQy lapkyu
esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk eq[; gkFk gS vke pquko] eaf=keaMy dk xBu ,oa dk;Zdkj.kh] laln~ dh dk;Zokfg;ksa dk
lapkyu] ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k] turk dk 'kklu ij fu;a=k.k vkfn lalnh; fo'ks"krkvksa dh vfHkO;fDr nyh;
O;oLFkk osQ ekè;e ls gh gksrk gSA ogk¡ lkezkKh dh ljdkj (Her Majesty’s Government) ny dh ljdkj gS
vkSj fojksèkh ny lkezkKh dk fojksèkh ny (Her Majesty’s Opposition) gSA baXySaM esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk ;|fi
dksbZ oSèkkfud vfLrRo ugha gSA rFkkfi muosQ vHkko esa vaxzsth 'kklu&O;oLFkk dk leLr Lo:i gh cny tk,xk
vkSj bldh vusd ijEijk,¡ rFkk vfHkle; u"V gks tk;¡xhA
ts¯uXl us Bhd gh dgk gS fd ¶;fn fczfV'k lafoèkku dk lgh losZ fd;k tk; rks ;gh dguk iM+sxk
fd og nyksa ls izkjEHk gksrk gS vkSj nyksa esa lekIr gks tkrk gS vkSj izkjEHk rFkk lekfIr osQ chp esa
Hkh jktuhfrd nyksa dk gh foospu gksrk gSA¸
fczfV'k jktuhfrd nyksa osQ dk;Z (The Functions of British Political Parties): fczfV'k jktuhfrd nyksa dk
egÙo muosQ rjg&rjg osQ dk;ks± osQ dkj.k gSaA ;s ns'k osQ jktuhfrd thou esa vusd mi;ksxh dk;Z djrs gSaA
ernkrkvksa dh nwjh dks de djukμjktuhfrd ny lkjs ns'k osQ ernkrkvksa dks ,d lw=k esa tksM+rs gSaA os
ernkrkvksa osQ chp dh nwjh dks ck¡Vrs gSaA ernkrkvksa dh vikj la[;k osQ dkj.k mudk ,d&nwljs dks tkuuk
vlEHko gSA muosQ vyx&vyx fopkj gksrs gSa] os vyx&vyx er nsrs gSaA ;s vlaxfBr jgrs gSa ftl dkj.k
jk"Vª osQ jktuhfrd thou ij mudk dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA ysfdu] jktuhfrd nyksa us ernkrkvksa dks laxfBr
fd;k gS] fuf'pr fl¼kUr rFkk dk;ZØe muosQ lkeus j[kdj mUgsa fofHkUu lewgksa esa laxfBr fd;k gSA jktuhfrd
nyksa us mudks ,drk iznku dh gS rFkk muosQ jktuhfrd izHkko dks c<+k;k gSA
lnL;ksa dh cgkyh vkSj mnklhurk dks nwj djukμizR;sd jktuhfrd ny osQ lnL; gksrs gSaA vfèkdre lnL;rk
gh ny dh rkdr dh igpku gSA lHkh ny vfèkd&ls&vfèkd er thrus dk iz;Ru djrs gSaA lnL;ksa dk izeq[k dk;Z
gS_ turk dh mnklhurk dks nwj djukA lnL; turk esa mRlkg Hkjrs vkSj mUgsa jktuhfr esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy, mdlkrs
gSaA
turk dks f'k{kk nsukμjktuhfrd nyksa dk ,d izeq[k dk;Z turk dks jktuhfrd f'k{kk nsuk gSA bl dk;Z dks ny
dh LFkk;h 'kk[kk,¡ djrh gSa vkSj osQUnzh; ny mudk bl dk;Z esa lgk;rk igq¡pkrk gSA jk"Vªh; usrkvksa] lHkkvksa] jsfM;ks]
Vsfyfotu vkfn osQ }kjk jktuhfrd ny turk dks f'kf{kr djrs gSaA ;gh f'k{kk iztkra=k dk vkèkkj gSA
uhfr fuf'pr djukμjktuhfrd nyksa dk ,d vU; dk;Z uhfr fuèkkZfjr djuk gSA izR;sd ny dh viuh&viuh
uhfr gksrh gS vkSj ml uhfr dks ykxw djus osQ fy, dk;ZØe gksrk gSA ny dh 'kk[kk,¡ 'kksèk&dk;Z djosQ uhfr osQ
lEcUèk esa lykg nsrh gSa vkSj jk"Vªh; vfèkos'kuksa }kjk ny dh uhfr dks vfUre LohÑfr nh tkrh gSA
izoDrkvksa] usrkvksa rFkk mEehnokjksa dk p;uμizR;sd ny izoDrkvksa] usrkvksa vkSj mEehnokjksa dk p;u
(Selection of Spokesmen, Leaders and Candidates) djrk gSA izoDrkvksa vkSj usrkvksa osQ fcuk dksbZ ny ugha
294 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY