Page 300 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—13% jktuhfrd ny

py ldrk gS] D;ksafd usrkvksa osQ O;fDrRo ls izHkkfor gksdj turk ny dk vuqlj.k djrh gS] ny osQ loksZPp uksV
usrk dk rks bruk vfèkd egÙo gS fd mlosQ O;fDrRo ij gh pquko yM+k tkrk gSA dgk Hkh tkrk gS] ¶turk fdlh
ny dks ugha cfYd Hkkoh izèkkueaf=k;ksa dks er nsrh gSA¸
vuq'kklu dk ikyu djokukμjktuhfrd nyksa dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z ;g Hkh gS fd os ny osQ lnL;ksa rFkk ny
dh lgk;rk ls pqus x;s laln lnL;ksa dks vuq'kkflr j[ksa rFkk mUgsa ny dh uhfr vkSj dk;ZØe ls fopfyr u gksus
nsaA vuq'kklu dks cuk;s j[kus osQ fy, ny osQ vius ;a=k gksrs gSa tSlsμlaln esa ny lpsrd lnL;ksa ij fuxjkuh j[krs
rFkk jkLrk crykrs gSaA
jktuhfrd mÙkjnkf;Roμjktuhfrd nyksa dk loZizeq[k dk;Z jktuhfrd mÙkjnkf;Ro dks <ksuk gSA bl fo'ks"k uhfr
dks viukrs gSa ftldh LohÑfr turk }kjk feyrh gSA os pquko dky osQ ml uhfr dks dk;Z:i nsus dh izfrKk djrs
gSaA lÙkk esa vkus ij os mlosQ fy, dkuwu cukrs rFkk iz'kkldh; vkSj oSnsf'kd uhfr;ksa dk lapkyu djrs gSaA yksdlHkk
esa cgqer izkIr ny osQ ;a=kksa rFkk laln osQ lnuksa osQ usrkvksa ls lEcUèk LFkkfir dj ljdkj ls viuh uhfr dk vuqlj.k
djokrk gSA ;fn laln esa ljdkj osQ fojksèkh ny (His Majesty’s Opposition) osQ :i esa vkrk gS rks mldk
mÙkjnkf;Ro cny tkrk gS ftls og ljdkj dh vkykspuk] fojksèk rFkk lq>ko }kjk iwjk djrk gSA
fczVsu esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk vH;qn; ,oa fodkl (Growth and Development of
Parties in Britain)

izkjEHkμbaXySaM osQ nks jktuhfrd nyksa dk bfrgkl cgqr iqjkuk gSA iUnzgoha 'krkCnh esa bldk chtkjksi.k gqvkA jktxíh
osQ nks nkosnkj&yadkLVkj vkSj ;kdhZLVks osQ chp >xM+k 'kq: gqvkA tkxhjnkj lkear Hkh nksuksa nkosnkjksa dks lgk;rk
djus osQ dkj.k nks xqVksa eas c¡V x;sμyadkfLVª;u vkSj ;kfdLV xqVA ysfdu ;s xqV jktuhfrd ny ugha FksA LVqvVZ dky
esa jktk vkSj laln osQ chp la?k"kZ izkjEHk gqvkA jktk osQ leFkZd oSQosfy;lZ (Cavalliers) vkSj laln osQ leFkZd
jkm.MgsM~l (Roundheads) dgyk;sA fiQj] pkYlZ f}rh; us 1679 bZ- esa ,sDlDywtu fcy (Exclusion Bill)
dks ysdj tc laln dks Hkax dj fn;k] rks fcy osQ leFkZdksa us laln dks cqykus dh izkFkZuk dh_ mUgsa isfV'kulZ
(Petitioners) dgk x;k vkSj ftUgksaus bldk fojksèk fd;k mudks ,ckSjlZ (Abborrers) dh laKk nh x;hA ysfdu
bu laxBuksa dks Hkh xqV gh dguk vfèkd lgh gksxk rFkk jktuhfrd ny dh laKk vuqi;qDr gksxhA vkèkqfud vFkZ
esa jktuhfrd nyksa dk tUe Vksjht (Torries) vkSj fàx (whigs) nyksa osQ fodkl osQ lkFk gqvkA fàx vkSj Vksjh
ny Øe'k% jkm.MgsM~l vkSj oSQosfy;lZ osQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh FksA fàx jktk dh 'kfDr ij fu;U=k.k yxkus osQ i{k
esa Fks vkSj Vksjh jktk dk ijekfèkdkj j[kus osQ i{k esa FksA 1688 bZ- ls yxHkx 150 o"kZ rd nksuksa ny ckjh&ckjh
ls 'kklu lapkyu djrs jgsA
vuqnkj ny vkSj mnkj ny dk vH;qn;μlu~ 1832 bZ- osQ lqèkkj&vfèkfu;e osQ i'pkr~ nyksa osQ ukeksa esa ifjorZu
gqvk vkSj vuqnkj (conservatives) vkSj mnkj (Liberal) uke ls fo[;kr gqvkA vuqnkj ny Vksjh ny dk
mÙkjkfèkdkjh Fkk vkSj mnkj ny fàx ny dkA ;s ny chloha lnh osQ izFke pj.k rd ns'k dh jktuhfr ij Nk;s jgsA
19oha 'krkCnh esa bu nyksa dk fodkl fMtjSyh vkSj XySMLVksuμtSls jktuhfrKksa osQ usr`Ro esa gqvkA nksuksa nyksa esa
ekSfyd lS¼kafrd erHksn FksA vuqnkj ny :f<+okn dk iks"kd Fkk vkSj jktk osQ ijekfèkdkjksa] ykWMZ&lHkk dh 'kfDr;ksa]
lkezkT;okn rFkk iw¡thokn dks v{kq..k j[kuk pkgrk FkkA mnkjny mnkjokn ij vkèkkfjr Fkk vkSj izxfr'khy lqèkkjksa osQ
i{k eas Fkk] tSls erkfèkdkj dk foLrkj] vk;jySaM dk LojkT;] ykWMZ&lHkk dk lqèkkj vkfnA
etnwj ny dk vH;qn;μchloha lnh esa nyksa dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu gqvkA etnwj ny dk vH;qn; rFkk mnkj ny
dh foyhurk bl lnh dh izeq[k ?kVuk gSA O;kolkf;d Økafr osQ dkj.k baXySaM esa ,d vU; laxfBr oxZ iSnk gqvk
etnwj oxZA dy&dkj[kkuksa esa dke djus okys bu Jfedksa us Jfed&la?kksa (Trade Unions) dh LFkkiuk dhA 1900
esa fczfV'k VªsM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl us ,d etnwj&izfrfufèk lfefr (Labour Representative Committee) dk fuekZ.k
s
fd;k ftldk mís'; Fkk laln osQ fuokZpu esa etnwjksa osQ fgrksa osQ leFkZdksa dk leFkZu djukA blh l Jfed ny
dk tUe gqvkA izFke fo'o&;q¼] rd bl ny dk dksbZ egÙo ugha jgkA izk;% ny osQ lnL; mnkj ny dk leFkZu

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