Page 45 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV bdkbZ ls rqyuk djus esa mi;ksx lkFkZd ugha gksrk gSA bldh lkFkZdrk osQ fy, dqN iwoZ 'krks± dk iwjk gksuk
vko';d gSA ;g fof'k"V iwoZ 'krs± fuEufyf[kr gSa&
(d) rqyuk dh bdkbZ p;u osQ dkjd osQ :i esa izR;;h <kapk ;k fopkjcUèk (Conceptual framework
as a factor in unit selection)— rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx esa rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa dk izR;;h <kapk ,d&lk gksuk
vko';d gSA ,d&ls izR;;h <kaps ls ;gka ;g rkRi;Z gS fd lHkh bdkb;k¡ ,d gh izR;; ls lEcfUèkr gksaA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] Hkkjr dh laln dh rqyuk] fczVsu dh laln ls djus ij] rqyuk dh nksuksa bdkb;k¡&Hkkjr o fczVsu dh lalnsa]
leku izR;;h <kaps okyh bdkb;k¡ dgh tk,axhA ;gk¡ ;g è;ku j[kuk gS fd rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa dk ,d&lk izR;;h
<kapk nksuksa dh ,d:irk ;k lekurk dk laosQrd ugha gSA bl mnkgj.k esa nksuksa dh lalnksa esa fofHkUurk vkSj fofpËrk
gksus ij Hkh izR;; dh n`f"V ls nksuksa dk fopkjcUèk ,d leku gSA vFkkZr nksuksa gh jk"Vªh; laln gSa] ij vxj jktLFkku
dh foèkku lHkk dh vejhdk dh dkaxzsl (O;oLFkkfidk) ls rqyuk dh tk, rks nksuksa bdkb;ksa dk izR;;h <kapk
vyx&vyx gks tk,xk vkSj rqyuk rks dh tk losQxh] ij ;g ltZukRed ugha gks losQxhA ;gka jktLFkku dh foèkku
lHkk o vejhdk dh dkaxzsl izR;;h <kaps dh lekurk ugha j[krh gSA blfy, bu nksuksa dh rqyuk rks gks losQxh rFkk
dqN fu"d"kZ Hkh fudkyuk lEHko gksxk ij mlls vkxs bl rqyuk osQ vkèkkj ij] bu nksuksa bdkbZ;ksa esa ls fdlh osQ
ckjs esa Hkh lkekU; fl¼kUr ugha cuk, tk losQaxs vkSj u gh nksuksa osQ ckjs esa dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k nsuk lEHko gksxkA vr%
rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx osQ fy, rqyuk dh bdkbZ osQ pquko esa ,d&lk&izR;;h <kapk gksuk vko';d gh ugha
vfuok;Z Hkh gksrk gSA
([k) vUos"k.k osQ osQUæ osQ :i esa rqY; izR;;h fo"k; (Comparable conceptual issue as focus of

enquiry)— rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx dh ,d iwoZ 'krZ ;g Hkh gS fd vUos"k.k osQ osQUæ osQ :i esa rqyuk ;ksX;
o leku izR;;ksa osQ fo"k; gh rqyukRed vè;;uksa osQ fy, pqus tk,¡ vU;Fkk vè;;u osQ lEcUèk esa ifjdYiuk djuk
gh dfBu gks tk,xkA leku izR;;h fo"k; ls rqyuk dh fo"k;&oLrq dh ,d:irk dk vFkZ ugha gS cfYd fo"k; oLrqvksa
esa eksVh lekurk ls gSA blls 'kksèk dk;Z esa fn'kkbZ ,drk (directional unity) jgsxh vkSj vFkZiw.kZ rqyukRed
fo'ys"k.k lEHko gks losQxkA
(x) rqyuk dh izR;;h bdkb;ksa dh ifjHkkf"krrk (Definationally conceptual units of comparison)—

rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx esa osQoy ,slh gh izR;;h bdkb;ksa dk p;u djuk pkfg, ftudh ifjHkk"kk dh tk losQA
bdkb;ksa osQ pquko esa ;g è;ku j[kuk t:jh gS fd muls lEcafèkr izR;; le;] LFkku vkSj laLd`fr osQ cUèkuksa ls
eqDr gksa rFkk lHkh voLFkkvksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ykxw gksus okys gksaA blls osQoy ;gh rkRi;Z gS fd izR;;h bdkb;k¡
,slh gksa ftudh ekU; ifjHkk"kk gksA tSls jktuhfrd O;oLFkk jktuhfrd fodkl ;k jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh
ifjHkk"kk djuk lEHko gSA rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa ls lEcfUèkr izR;; ,sls ugha gksus pkfg, fd ;k rks mudh ifjHkk"kk
gh ugha dh tk losQ vkSj vxj mudks ifjHkkf"kr djuk lEHko gks rks Hkh gj 'kksèkdrkZ dh ifjHkk"kk] gj nwljs 'kksèkdrkZ
dh ifjHkk"kk ls fHkUu gksA ^lektokn* o yksdrU=k* vkt ,sls gh izR;; cu x, yxrs gSaA vr% rqyuk esa ,sls gh
izR;;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk, ftudh ifjHkk"kk dh tk losQ rFkk tks fopkjèkkjk] LFkku vkSj ewY;ksa osQ cUèkuksa ls eqDr
gksA ,slk gksus ij gh rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k vFkZiw.kZ fu"d"kks± rd tk losQxkA
(?k) 'kksèk osQ osQUæ dh lqfuf'prrk (Definiteness of the focus of enquiry)— rqyukRed fo'ys"k.kksa esa
rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vè;;u dk lqfuf'pr è;s; ;k eUrO; gksuk pkfg,A bls fujFkZd
rF;ksa dh rqyuk ls cpuk lEHko gksrk gSA vxj 'kksèk osQ osQUæ dh lqfuf'prrk ugha gksxh rks vuko';d vkadM+ksa osQ
ladyu dk [krjk jgsxkA lqfuf'pr mís'; ls vè;;u dh bdkb;ksa osQ ckjs esa ifjdYiuk djuk Hkh ljy gks tkrk gSA
(p) izR;;h bdkbZ osQ de ls de mnkgj.kksa dh vfuok;Zrk (Necessity of atleast two cases of
conceptual units)— rqyuk djus dk rkRi;Z gh ;g gS fd de ls de nks mnkgj.k rks miyCèk gksaA vxj nks ;k
nks ls vfèkd mnkgj.k ugha gksaxs rks rqyuk lEHko gh ugha gksxhA tgk¡ osQoy ,d gh ?kVuk ;k mnkgj.k gS ogka
rqyukRed i¼fr dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

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