Page 43 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV 2-1 rqyukRed i¼fr vkSj rqyukRed jktuhfr (Comparative Method and
Comparative Politics)

vc rqyukRed i¼fr] fdlh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks fdlh vU; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls ;kfU=kdh rqyuk
(mechanical comparison) ekË ugha ekuh tkrh gSA vc bldk iz;ksx ltZukRed izfØ;k (creative process)
osQ :i esa bl izdkj ls gksrk gS ftlls rqyuk,¡ vfèkd vFkZiw.kZ cukbZ tk losQaA lkekftd foKkuksa esa ;kfU=kdh rqyuk,¡

fdlh vFkZiw.kZ fu"d"kZ rd ugha igaqp ldrh gSaA tSls Hkkjr osQ izèkkueUËh dh] Hkkjr osQ fdlh xkao dh iapk;r
osQ ljiap ls rqyuk dh tk, rks ;g rqyuk osQoy ;kfUËdh gh gks ldrh gS vkSj ,slh rqyuk ls u rks izèkkueU=kh
osQ ckjs esa vkSj u gh ljiap osQ ckjs esa dksbZ vFkZiw.kZ fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA vc rqyukRed i¼fr dk iz;ksx
fo'ks"k vFkks± esa gksus yxk gSA ;g ,d l`tukRed izfØ;k osQ :i esa ns[kh tkus yxh gSA ij bl u;s vFkZ esa bldk
iz;ksx cgqr dfBu cu x;k gS] D;ksafd lkekftd foKkuksa esa rqY; ?kVukvksa dh viuh bPNk o ^ekul* gksrk gSA
;gh dkj.k gS fd lkekftd foKkuksa esa bl i¼fr dk mi;ksx vfèkd izsjd] pqukSrh okyk ij lkFk gh iQynk;d
cu x;k gSA

vjs.M fy”kiQkVZ us bl i¼fr dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^^rqyukRed i¼fr] vU; lHkh ifjoR;ksZa
dks fLFkj j[krs gq,] nks ;k vfèkd ifjoR;ks± osQ chp lkekU; vkuqHkfod lEcUèk dh LFkkiuk djus dh fofèk gSA**
vFkkZr rqyukRed i¼fr lkekU; vkuqHkfod izLFkkiuk,¡ LFkkfir djus dh vkèkkjHkwr i¼fr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
vkFkZj ,y- dkycxZ us bl i¼fr dh laf{kIr ifjHkk"kk dh gSA og rqyukRed i¼fr dks ekiu dk ,d :i
(form of measurement) ekË ekurk gSA yklosy vkSj vke.M us rqyukRed i¼fr dks oSKkfud i¼fr
dgdj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA yklosy osQ vuqlkj] ^^rqyukRed i¼fr] oSKkfud i¼fr ls fHkUu gks gh ugha ldrh
gSA** mldh ekU;rk gS fd jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa ij oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k j[kus okys fdlh Hkh O;fDr osQ fy, ,d
LorUË o i`Fkd rqyukRed i¼fr vuko';d gSA vr% buosQ vuqlkj rqyukRed i¼fr] oSKkfud i¼fr dh
rjg gh lkekU; fu;eksa dh [kkst osQ y{; dh izkfIr dh fofèk gSA

dkycxZ] yklosy o vke.M }kjk fd;k x;k rqyukRed i¼fr dk vFkZ] bl i¼fr dh izd`fr dk lgh fp=k.k ugha
djrk gSA ;g ekiu dk ,d :i ekË ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA ekiu ls gh rqyuk,¡ ugha gks tkrh gSaA ;|fi ;g
lgh gS fd ekiu esa rqyuk vUrfuZfgr gS] ij ekiu ,d ?kVuk osQ ckjs esa lkekU; fu"d"kZ ls vkxs ugha ys tk ldrk
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;g ekiu dk fu"d"kZ gS fd fdlh ns'k esa lalnh; yksdrU=k liQy gS] vo'; gh fdlh vU;
lalnh; yksdrU=k osQ ckjs esa lkekU;hdj.k ugha fudkys tk ldrs gSaA blls ;g rks crk;k tk ldrk gS fd lalnh;
yksdrU=k ,slk gS ij blosQ ckjs esa ;g Li"V ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ,slk D;ksa gS\ blfy, dkycxZ dh ifjHkk"kk]
fd rqyukRed i¼fr ekiu dk ,d :i gS] lgh ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA
yklosy o vke.M }kjk bls oSKkfud i¼fr gh eku ysuk Hkh Bhd ugha gSA oSKkfud i¼fr rks ,d eukso`fÙk gSA

;g O;ofLFkr i;Zos{k.k] oxhZdj.k vkSj vkadM+ksa dh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa rqyuk Hkh gksrh gks ;g vko';d ugha gSA
tSls] fdlh ns'k dh O;oLFkkfidk dk oSKkfud i¼fr ls vè;;u lEHko ugha gSA bl i¼fr osQ }kjk vè;;u rHkh
gksxk tc fdlh vU; ns'k dh O;oLFkkfidk ls bldh rqyuk dh tk,A vr% rqyukRed i¼fr o oSKkfud i¼fr
dks ,d gh ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA

38 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY