Page 46 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% rqyukRed i¼fr vkSj jktuhfr

mijksDr iwoZ 'krs± bl i¼fr osQ mi;ksx esa vR;f/d&egRo j[krh gSA rqyukvksa dks l`tukRed cukus osQ fy, bu uksV
'krks± dh vko';drk Lor% Li"V gSA buesa ls ,d dk Hkh vHkko vU; 'krks± dh iwfrZ dks vlEHko cuk nsrk gSA vr%
;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd rqyukvksa dks vFkZiw.kZ cukus osQ fy, rqyukRed i¼fr dh ;g 'krs± iwjh gksuh gh pkfg,
vU;Fkk rqyuk,¡ osQoy ;kfUËdh cu dj jg tk,¡xhA
rqyukRed i¼fr osQ iz;ksx dh iwoZ 'krks± osQ foospu ls bl i¼fr dh izd`fr dk Li"Vhdj.k gks tkrk gSA blls
;g Hkh le> esa vk tkrk gS fd fdlh Hkh izdkj dh bdkb;ksa dh ijLij rqyuk djuk rqyukRed i¼fr dk vuqlj.k
ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA bu 'krks± osQ foospu osQ ckn mu pj.kksa dk mYys[k djuk vko';d gS tks bl i¼fr osQ
izR;;ksa esa iz;qDr gksrs gSa ;g la{ksi esa fuEufyf[kr gSa&
rqyukRed i¼fr dk ifjpkyukRed fopkj (Operational View of Comparative method)
rqyukRed i¼fr dh iwoZ 'krks± osQ foospu ls ;g laosQr feyrk gS fd bl i¼fr dk iz;ksx fof'k"V izdkj ls gh
gks ldrk gSA blosQ iz;ksx osQ dqN fuf'pr pj.k gSa ftudk vuqxeu djrs gq, gh rqyuk,¡ l`tukRed cu ikrh
gSaA lkekU;r;k bl i¼fr osQ iz;ksx osQ fuEufyf[kr pj.kksa dk ikyu gksus ij gh ;g i¼fr fØ;kRed :i ys
ldrh gSA
(d) izR;;h <kaps osQ vkèkkj ij rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa dk p;u (Selection of units of comparison on the
basis of conceptual framework)— ;g igys gh ns[kk tk pqdk gS fd rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa dks pquko djrs le;
izR;;h <kaps dk vkèkkj D;ksa fy;k tkuk pkfg,A ;gk¡ bruk gh ;kn j[kuk i;kZIr jgsxk fd vxj rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa
dk vkèkkj] ,d gh izdkj dk izR;; ugha jgk rks rqyuk,¡ lkekU; fu"d"kZ fudkyus esa lgk;d ugha gks losQaxhA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, fdlh ns'k dh dk;Zikfydk dh vU; ns'k dh U;k;ikfydk ls rqyuk djuk nks fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj
osQ izR;;ksa osQ dkj.k] laHko gksrs gq, Hkh mi;ksxh ugha gksxkA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr gS fd oSls rks bl i¼fr
osQ fy, nks gh mnkgj.k gksus ij Hkh rqyuk dh tk ldrh gS ij fu"d"kks± dks lkekU;hdj.k dk :i nsus osQ fy,
ftrus vfèkd mnkgj.k gksaxs mruh gh ifj'kq¼rk c<+rh tk,xhA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vxj lalnh; 'kklu O;oLFkk vkSj
nyh; O;oLFkk dh izd`fr dk ijLij lEcUèk tkuuk gks rks lalnh; 'kklu O;oLFkkvksa osQ vusd mnkgj.k gksus ij
'kq¼rk;qDr fu"d"kZ fudkyus esa lgwfy;r jgsxhA mnkgj.kksa dh vfèkdrk rqyuk dks O;kidre cukus dk volj iznku
djrh gSA blfy, izR;;h bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u mruk gh Js"Brj gksxk ftruh fd mnkgj.kksa dh la[;k] ftUgsa rqyuk
esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

([k) rqyuk dh bdkb;ksa dk oxhZdj.k (Classfication of the units of comparison)— rqyuk osQ fy, pquh
xbZ izR;;h bdkb;ksa dk oxhZdj.k djosQ gh rqyukRedrk dh voLFkk esa igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA oxhZdj.k ls rqyuk
dk {ksË o bdkb;ksa osQ oxZ dk lhekadu gks tkrk gSA blls rqyuk dk {ksË lqfuf'pr o lqLi"V gks tkrk gSA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] vxj 50 jktuhfrd O;oLFkk,¡ rqyukRed vè;;u esa lfEefyr dh xbZ gksa rks budh lEHkkfor ifjdYiuk
dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, oxhZdj.k djuk mi;ksxh jgrk gSA vxj ifjdYiuk yksdrUË osQ fdlh igyw ls lEcfUèkr
gS vkSj osQoy yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkkvksa dh rqyuk gh djuh gks rc bu 50 jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dk nks oxks± esa foHkDr
gksuk vko';d gSA ,d oxZ yksdrkfUËd O;oLFkkvksa dk rFkk nwljk fujadq'k O;oLFkkvksa dk djuk gksxkA oxhZdj.k
ls ifjdYiuk djuk ljy gks tkrk gS rFkk O;FkZ osQ vkadM+ksa osQ ladyu ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
(x) rqyuk dh lHkh bdkb;ksa osQ lEcUèk esa ifjdYiukRed izLFkkiukvksa dh LFkkiuk (Formulation of
hypothetical propositions about all the units under comparison)— ifjdYiukRed izLFkkiukvksa dh
LFkkiuk dks ysdj fookn gS fd ;g bdkbZ osQ p;u osQ igys gksuh pkfg, ;k mlosQ ckn esaA dqN yksxksa dk fopkj
gS fd budh LFkkiuk igys gksrh gS rFkk budks è;ku esa j[kdj gh vè;;u dh bdkb;ksa dk p;u fd;k tk ldrk
gSA nwljs oxZ osQ yksxksa dk dguk gS fd ifjdYiuk fcuk vkèkkj osQ ugha dh tk ldrh gSA blfy, bdkbZ dk p;u
igys gksuk pkfg,A lkekU;r;k nwljk fopkj gh ekU; gSA D;ksafd bdkb;ksa osQ p;u osQ ckn izLFkkiukvksa dh LFkkiuk
esa vfèkd NwV fey tkrh gSA pquh xbZ bdkb;ksa dks ysdj gj lEHko ifjdYiuk dh tk ldrh gS vkSj muesa ls ,d
;k dqN ;k lHkh dh rqyukRed <ax ls ij[k dh tk ldrh gSA

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