Page 52 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% rqyukRed i¼fr vkSj jktuhfr

dh lajpukvksa esa ny ç.kkyh dks Hkh prqFkZ oxZ osQ :i esa 'kkfey djrs gSa] tcfd oSUVys (bentely) ykWFke uksV
(Latham) vkSj oh- vks- dh- twfu;j (V.O. Key. Jr.) tSls lelkef;d ys[kd ,d dne vkSj vkxs tkdj vla[;
fgr lewgksa dks Hkh blesa 'kkfey dj ysrs gSa tks fdlh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh volajpuk gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd
;g mikxe lajpukRed mikxe (structural approach) osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
lkaLFkkfud ;k lajpukRed mikxe dks dbZ vejhdh vkSj vaxzst ys[kdksa dh jpukvksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ge
okYVj csxgkV] ,iQ- ,- vkx] MCy;w- ch- equjks] gesZu iQkbuj] ,p- ts- ykLdh] fjpMZ U;wtMkV] lh- ,iQ- LVªkax]
cukMZ fØd] tsEl czkbl gsjkYM ftad] ekSfjl Mqcstj vkSj ft;ksokuh lkjVksjh osQ xzUFkksa dh vksj funsZ'k dj ldrs

gSaA mudh jpukvksa dh lcls vfèkd mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd jktuhfr dk vè;;u jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ
vkSipkfjd] ,oa lkaLFkkfud lajpukvksa rd lfefr gks x;k gSA lkFk gh] bu fu"d"kks± dh iqf"V osQ fy, if'pe osQ
dqN mUur ns'kksa dh eq[; 'kkldh; ç.kkfy;ksa dks rqyukRed vè;;u dk fo"k; cuk;k x;k gSA
cgqr vfèkd ladh.kZ gksus osQ dkj.k bl mikxe dh vkykspuk dh xbZ gSA blesa mu O;fDr;ksa dh Hkwfedk dh mis{kk
dh xbZ gS tks jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh vkSipkfjd o vukSipkfjd lajpukvksa ,oa milajpukvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa mUgsa
ifjpkfyr djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd O;ogkjkRed mikxe bl mikxe dh egÙkk ij Nk x;k gSA ,d vkSj dfBukbZ
;g gS fd lkaLFkkfud mikxe dk vk'k; vkSj ijkl vè;;udÙkkZ osQ fopkjksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fHkUu&fHkUu gksrk tk jgk
gSA ftUgksaus ljdkj laLFkkvksa] inksa vkSj vfHkdj.kksa dh dYiuk dh gS os mlh osQ vuqlkj ljdkj osQ ckjs esa crkrs
gS vkSj fy[krs gSa] muosQ cuk, gq, laxBukRed pkVZ mlh dk lq>ko nsrs gSaA vUr esa bl ckr dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k
tkuk pkfg;s fd ¶bl mikxe osQ vè;;udÙkkZ vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr dh Hkh vuns[kh djrs gSa D;ksafd cgqr le;
rd jkT; ;k ljdkj tSlh dksbZ laLFkk,¡ ugha Fkha] blfy, ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd jkT;&oSKkfudksa osQ fy, bl {ks=k
esa ,slk dqN ugha feyrk ftlosQ ckjs esa ppkZ dh tk losQA*

4- dkuwuh mikxe % vUr esa] ijEijkxr mikxeksa osQ {ks=k esa ge dkuwuh ;k U;kf;d mikxe dk mYys[k dj ldrs
gSa blosQ vUrxZr jktuhfr dk vè;;u dkuwuh çfØ;kvksa vkSj laLFkkvksa osQ lkFk ?kqy fey x;k gSA dkuwu vkSj U;k;
osQ fo"k;ksa dks U;k;'kkL=k osQ ekeys gh ugha le>k tkrk cfYd jkT; oSKkfud jkT; dks çHkkoh vkSj lkE;iw.kZ dkuwu
vkSj O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus okyk le>rs gSaA vr% U;kf;d laLFkkvksa osQ laxBu] vfèkdkj {ks=k vkSj Lora=krk ls
lEcafèkr ekeys jkT; oSKkfud dk ,d vko';d fo"k; cu tkrs gSaA çkphu dky esa fo'ys"k.kkRed U;k;'kkL=kh
fllsjks (Cicero) ls ysdj vkèkqfud dky osQ Mkblh (Dicey) rd us jkT; dks çeq[k :i ls ,d fuxe ;k U;kf;d
O;fDr le>k gS vkSj bl çdkj] bl mikxe esa jkT; dks çeq[k :i ls dkuwu cukus vkSj mls ykxw djus okyk
laxBu dgk x;k gSA
bl lUnHkZ esa ge çkjafHkd vkèkqfud ;qx osQ thu cksfMu] Þ;wxks xzksf'k;l vkSj Vkel gkCl dh jpukvksa dk mYys[k
dj ldrs gSa] ftUgksaus çHkqlÙkk (servereignty) osQ fl¼kar dk çorZu fd;k FkkA gkCl dh ç.kkyh esa] jkT;i{k
mPpre dkuwuh çkfèkdkjh gS vkSj mldk vkns'k gh dkuwu gS ftldk ikyu ;k rks ltk ls cpus ;k Hk;kud çkd`frd

voLFkk dks nwj j[kus osQ fy, fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl lEcUèk esa cSFke] tkWu vkfjVu] lsfoXuh] lj gsujh eSu vkSj
,- oh- Mkblh dh jpukvksa dh vksj Hkh funsZ'k fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd jktuhfr osQ vè;;u
dks vfHkUu :i ls dkuwuh çfØ;kvksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gS vkSj Lora=krk o lekurk dh lkeatL;iw.kZ fLFkfr dks
fofèk'kklu (rule of law) osQ 'kkunkj uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr osQ vè;;u ij ykxw fd;k x;k og dkuwuh mikxe bl dYiuk ij fLFkr gS fd
dkuwu esa og O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k voLFkk esa D;k dk;Zokgh dh tk, vkSj og Hkh O;oLFkk dh
tkrh gS fd fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,slh dk;Zokgh dh tkrh gS] lkFk gh blesa vuqes; dk;Zokgh dh lhekvksa dk fuèkkZj.k
Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA blesa bl rF; ij Hkh cy fn;k x;k gS fd tgk¡ ukxfjd dkuwuksa dk ikyu djus okys gSa ogk¡

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 47