Page 57 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukReoQ jktuhfr vkSj ljoQkj

uksV Hkh 'kkloQ tks O;oLFkk oQh LFkkiuk osQ fy, ckè;oQkjh 'kfDr ls ;qDr gks] og blh 'kfDr osQ ç;ksx ls O;fDr oQh
LorU=krk vkèkkjHkwr gksrh gSA bloQh lekfIr ekuo oQks oQaqfBr oQjrh gSA blfy;s] ,oQ rjiQ rks euq"; us jktuhfroQ
'kfDr oQh loksZifjrk LohoQkj oQh rFkk nwljh rjiQ] ml ij çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.kksa oQh O;oLFkk Hkh oQh ftlls 'kkloQ]
O;fDr oQh LorU=krk oQh O;oLFkk o lqj{kk osQ fy, vkxs c<+ losQa vkSj lkFk gh blosQ guu osQ çyksHku ls jksoQk
tk losQA ;gh oQkj.k gS foQ çkphu oQky ls gh 'kkloQksa oQks fofèk;ksa] çfØ;kReoQ lqj{kkvksa o larqyukReoQ 'kfDr;ksa
osQ ekè;e ls fu;af=kr vkSj çfrcfUèkr foQ;k tkrk jgk gSA
lafoèkkuokn oQk vFkZ] vkèkkj] rÙo o fofHkUu voèkkj.kkvksa oQks le>us ls igys] ;g vko';oQ gS foQ lafoèkku o
laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj oQk vFkZ Li"V foQ;k tk;] D;ksafoQ lafoèkkuokn oQk vFkZ] lafoèkku o laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj osQ vFkZ
osQ lanHkZ esa gh Li"V gks loQrk gSA okLro esa lafoèkku o laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj] lafoèkkuokn oQh iwoZxkeh ifjfLFkfr;k¡
gSaA lafoèkkuokn osQoy mlh jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa lEHko gS] tgk¡ lafoèkku gks vkSj bl lafoèkku }kjk jktuhfroQ
'kfDr osQ ç;ksxoQrkZvksa oQh u osQoy HkwfeoQk fuèkkZfjr oQh tk, vfirq bl HkwfeoQk oQh O;ogkfjoQrk oQh O;oLFkk Hkh
oQh tk,] vFkkZr ljoQkj] lafoèkku oQh O;oLFkk osQ vuq:i gh lapkfyr gks vkSj bls O;ogkj esa lEHko cukus osQ
fy, laoSèkkfuoQ fu;a=k.kksa o çfrcUèkksa oQh çHkko'kkyh O;oLFkk gksA ;g fu;a=k.k O;oLFkk oQSls vkSj foQu&foQu çfØ;kvksa
o lajpukvksa ls gks] bloQk foospu oQjus ls iwoZ] lafoèkku] laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj vkSj lafoèkkuokn oQk vFkZ le> ysuk
vko';oQ gSA

3-1 lafoèkku oQk vFkZ vkSj fooQkl (Meaning and Development of
Constitution)

çR;soQ jkT; osQ fy, lafoèkku oQk gksuk vko';oQ gSA lafoèkku osQ fcuk foQlh Hkh jkT; oQk 'kklu pyuk vR;Ur
oQfBu gSA bfrgkl osQ vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij ;g oQgk tk loQrk gS foQ çR;soQ jkT; esa 'kklu oQks pykus osQ
fy, oQqN u oQqN fu;e lnk ls foQlh u foQlh :i esa vo'; jgs gSaA çR;soQ jkT; esa] pkgs og yksoQrkaf=koQ
gks ;k vfèkuk;oQoknh] oQqN ,sls fu;eksa oQk LohoQkj foQ;k tkuk vko';oQ gS tks jkT; oQh jktuhfroQ laLFkkvksa
o 'kkloQksa oQh HkwfeoQk oQks fuèkkZfjr o lqfuf'pr oQj] vjktoQrk ls lekt oQks eqDr j[k losQA ;gk¡ roQ foQ
vR;fèkoQ fujaoQq'k o LosPNpkjh jkT;ksa esa Hkh oQqN fu;eksa oQk ik;k tkuk furkUr vko';oQ gSA ljoQkjsa pkgs
fujaoQq'k gksa vFkok yksoQrU=kkReoQ] muosQ lapkyu osQ fy, oQqN fl¼kUrksa vFkok fu;eksa oQk gksukA lnSo lgk;oQ
gksrk gSA pwafoQ çR;soQ lafoèkku esa ljoQkj osQ fofHkUu vaxksa rFkk muosQ ikjLifjoQ lEcUèkksa oQk o.kZu gksrk gSA vr%
bu lEcUèkksa oQk o.kZu oQjus okys fu;eksa oQh fo|ekurk ls ljoQkj osQ fofHkUu vax ,oQ nwljs osQ lg;ksx ls
oQq'kyrkiwoZoQ oQk;Z oQj loQrs gSa vkSj muesa la?k"kZ ;k fojksèk oQh lEHkkouk,¡ Hkh oQe gks tkrh gSaA lafoèkku esa
ukxfjoQksa osQ vfèkoQkjksa oQk Hkh o.kZu gksrk gSA ;g o.kZu gh buoQh lqj{kk O;oLFkk gSA bl çoQkj lafoèkku osQ }kjk
foQlh Hkh jkT; oQk vkèkkjHkwr <akpk laLFkkxr :i esa [kM+k foQ;k tkrk gS] ftlls gj O;fDr] laLFkk o lewg oQh
HkwfeoQk lqfuf'pr gks tkrh gSA
lkekU;r;k ;g le>k tkrk gS foQ lafoèkku ,oQ ,slk vkys[k (document) gh gksrk gS tks fuf'pr le; esa fufeZr
o LohoQ`r gks] ij ;g lafoèkku oQk lgh o BhoQ vFkZ ugha gSA lafoèkku oQk vkys[k] vFkkZr~ fyf[kr :i esa gksuk
vko';oQ ugha] foQlh Hkh jkT; esa ijEijkxr fu;eksa oQh ,slh O;oLFkk gks loQrh gS] ftuoQks fofèkor oQHkh fy[kk
ugha x;k fiQj Hkh tks 'kkloQksa o ukxfjoQksa osQ fny&fnekx esa bruh xgjkbZ ls tes gksa foQ blls ljoQkj ij u osQoy
çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.k jgrk gks vfirq lEiw.kZ jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa gj ,oQ oQh HkwfeoQk fuèkkZfjr jgrh gksA ,sls
jktuhfroQ lekt esa ;g ijEijkxr fu;e gh lafoèkku oQgykrs gSaA
¶lafoèkku fu;eksa oQk og laxzg gS tks mu mís';ksa oQh çkfIr oQjkrk gS ftuosQ fy, 'kklu 'kfDr çofrZr oQh

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