Page 59 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukReoQ jktuhfr vkSj ljoQkj

uksV tgk¡ lafoèkku osQ <kaps o rÙoksa esa lkE; gks vFkkZr laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj gksA gj jkT; esa lafoèkku rks vfuok;Zr% gksrk
gS ij laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj Hkh gks ;g vko';oQ ugha gSA laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj u gksus ij lafoèkkuokn oQh O;oLFkk
O;kogkfjoQ ugha gks loQrhA blfy, lafoèkkuokn oQk vFkZ le>us osQ fy, u osQoy lafoèkku oQk vFkZ Li"V oQjuk
gh oQkiQh gksxk vfirq bloQk ewy vkèkkj] laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj oQk foospu Hkh vfuok;Z gSA la{ksi esa laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj
oQk foospu bl çoQkj gSA
laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj vFkZ (The Meaning of Constitutional Government)
lkekU;r;k ,slk le>k tkrk gS foQ ftl jkT; esa lafoèkku gks ogk¡ laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj Hkh gksrh gS] ijUrq okLro esa
;g lgh ugha gSA gj jkT; esa foQlh u foQlh çoQkj oQk lafoèkku rks vfuok;Zr% gksrk gS] ij gj ,sls jkT; esa laoSèkkfuoQ
ljoQkj Hkh gks ;g t:jh ugha gSA laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj ls lhfer vFkZ&cksèku gksrk gS] D;ksafoQ laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj og
ljoQkj gh gksrh gS tks lafoèkku oQh O;oLFkkvksa osQ vuqlkj laxfBr] lhfer vkSj fu;af=kr gks] rFkk O;fDr fo'ks"k oQh
bPNkvksa osQ LFkku ij] osQoy fofèk osQ vuq:i gh lapkfyr gksrh gksA fgVyj o Lrkfyu osQ le; esa teZuh o :l
esa lafoèkku rks Fks ij laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkjsa Hkh Fkh ,slk ugha oQgk tk loQrkA buesa jktuhfroQ vkpj.k oQk vkèkkj
lafoèkku ugha gksoQj] O;fDr ;k ny oQh egÙokoQka{kk,¡ gh oQgh tk loQrh gSaA vr% jkT; esa osQoy lafoèkku oQk gksuk
ek=k ljoQkj oQks laoSèkkfuoQ ugha cukrk gSA osQoy og ljoQkj gh laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj oQgh tk;sxh tks lafoèkku ij
vkèkkfjr gks] lafoèkku }kjk lhfer vkSj fu;af=kr gks o LosPNkiwoZoQrk osQ LFkku ij osQoy fofèk osQ vuq:i gh lapkfyr
gksrh gksA la{ksi esa laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj fofèk jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa gh lafoèkkuokn lEHko gS] D;ksafoQ lafoèkkuokn mu
ekU;rkvksa] vkLFkkvksa vkSj ekuo ewY;ksa oQk uke gS ftloQk lafoèkku esa o.kZu o leFkZu gksrk gS vkSj ftuoQh miyfCèk
o lqj{kk gsrq jktuhfroQ 'kfDr ij çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.kksa o jksoQksa (restraints) oQh O;oLFkk gksrh gSA lafoèkku o
laoSèkkfuoQ ljoQkj osQ mijksDr foospu osQ lanHkZ esa lafoèkkkuokn oQk vFkZ le>uk ljy lk gks tkrk gSA
lafoèkkuokn oQk vFkZ (The Meaning of Constitutionalism)
lafoèkkuokn mu fopkjksa o fl¼kUrksa oQh vksj laosQr oQjrk gS] tks ml lafoèkku oQk fooj.k o leFkZu oQjrs gSa]
ftuosQ ekè;e ls jktuhfroQ 'kfDr ij çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.k LFkkfir foQ;k tk losQA ;g lafoèkku ij vkèkkfjr
fopkjèkkjk gS] ftloQk ewy vFkZ ;gh gS foQ 'kklu lafoèkku esa fyf[kr fu;eksa o fofèk;ksa osQ vuqlkj gh lapkfyr
gks o ml ij çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.k LFkkfir jgs] ftlls os ewY; o jktuhfroQ vkn'kZ lqjf{kr jgsa ftuosQ fy, lekt
jkT; osQ caèku LohoQkj oQjrk gSA ijUrq bloQk ;g vFkZ ugha foQ lafoèkku osQ fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj 'kklu lapkyu
ek=k gh lafoèkkuokn gSA ,slk rks foQlh fujaoQq'k 'kklu esa Hkh gks loQrk gSA ,oQ rkuk'kkg viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj
lafoèkku cukoQj] turk oQh bPNkvksa vkSj vkoQka{kkvksa oQh vogsyuk oQjrk gqvk mu ij ;g lafoèkku cyiwoZoQ
ykxw oQj loQrk gSA ,sls lafoèkku esa turk osQ vkn'kks± o ewY;ksa oQk lekos'k ugha gksrk gS] vkSj bl oQkj.k ;g
O;oLFkk lafoèkkuokn oQk foykse gh gksxhA vr% lafoèkkuokn lafoèkku osQ fu;eksa osQ vuq:i 'kklu lapkyu ls
vfèkoQ gSA bloQk vFkZ gS] fujaoQq'k 'kklu osQ foijhr fu;ekuqoQwy 'kklu] ftlesa euq"; oQh vkèkkjHkwr ekU;rkvksa]
vkLFkkvksa vkSj ewY;ksa oQh O;ogkj esa miyfCèk lEHko gksA blls ;g fu"oQ"kZ fuoQyrk gS foQ lafoèkkuokn 'kklu
oQh og i¼fr gS ftlesa 'kklu turk oQh vkLFkkvksa] ewY;ksa o vkn'kks± oQks ifjyf{kr oQjus okys lafoèkku osQ fu;eksa
o fl¼kraksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh foQ;k tk, o ,sls lafoèkku osQ ekè;e ls gh 'kkloQksa oQks çfrcafèkr o lhfer j[kk
tk, ftlls jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk oQh ewy O;oLFkk,¡ lqjf{kr jgsa vkSj O;ogkj esa gj O;fDr oQks miyCèk gks losQaA
oQqN fopkjoQ 'kklu oQks lhfer o fu;af=kr oQjus osQ fy, rFkk ekuo ewY;ksa oQh lqj{kk lEHko cukus osQ fy,
'kfDr foHkktu oQks vfèkoQ egÙo nsrs gSa o mls lafoèkkuokn oQk ewy vkèkkj ekurs gSaA muoQh ekU;rk gS foQ
lafoèkkuokn jktuhfroQ 'kfDr;ksa oQk foHkktu oQj ljoQkj osQ oQk;ks± ij çHkko'kkyh fu;a=k.k LFkkfir oQjuk gSA vr%
lafoèkkuokn rHkh laHko gS tc foQlh jktuhfroQ O;oLFkk esa 'kfDr foHkktu osQ }kjk ljoQkjh oQk;ks± ij çHkko'kkyh
fu;a=k.k LFkkfir foQ;k tk losQA

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