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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV 1-1 rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj% vFkZ] ifjHkk"kk] çd`fr vkSj foLrkj {ks=k
(Comparative Politics and Government : Meaning, Definition, Nature
and Scope)
rqyukRed jkuthfr osQ vFkZ dk foLr`r foospu djus ls igys bldk ^rqyukRed ljdkj* (comparative
government) ls vUrj le> ysuk vko';d gSA lkekU;r;k] rqyukRed jktuhfr dks ^rqyukRed 'kklu* ;k
^rqyukRed ljdkj* dk i;kZ; le> fy;k tkrk gSA nksuksa dk gh lEcUèk ^jktuhfr* ls gksus osQ dkj.k budk ,d
nwljs osQ fy, vny&cny dj ç;ksx djuk dqN LokHkkfod gh gSA ijUrq jktuhfr&foKku esa budk lqfuf'pr vFkZ
fd;k tkrk gSA thñ osQñ jkWcV~lZ us rqyukRed ljdkj o rqyukRed jktuhfr dks vyx&vyx ekuk gSA mUgksaus
rqyukRed ljdkj dh ifjHkk"kk bl çdkj nh gSA
¶rqyukRed ljdkj] jkT;ksa] mudh laLFkkvksa o ljdkjksa osQ dk;ks± dk vè;;u gS ftlesa 'kk;n jkT; fØ;k ls
vR;fèkd fudV dk lEcUèk j[kus okys iwjd lewgksaμjktuhfrd ny o ncko lewgksa] dk Hkh vè;;u lfEefyr gSA¸
thu Cyks.Msy us Hkh rqyukRed ljdkj dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ
¶rqyukRed ljdkj ledkyhu fo'o esa jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa osQ çfrekuksa dk vè;;u gSA¸
rqyukRed ljdkj dh mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd blesa jkT; ls lEcfUèkr vkSipkfjd laLFkkvksa dk gh
eq[;r% rqyukRed vè;;u gksrk gSA blesa jktuhfrd O;ogkj ls lEcfUèkr lHkh çfØ;kvksa o vU; xSj&ljdkjh
laLFkkvksa dk vè;;u lfEefyr ugha fd;k tkrkA ;|fi orZeku esa jktuhfrd ny o ncko lewgksa dh gj jkT; esa
egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk osQ dkj.k budk vè;;u Hkh rqyukRed ljdkj esa lfEefyr fd;k tkus yxkA ijUrq eq[; tksj
'kklu dh laLFkkvksa osQ rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k ij jgrk gSA blls fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd rqyukRed 'kklu esa lEiw.kZ
jktuhfrd O;ogkj dk vè;;u ugha fd;k tkrkA jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ vusd igyw o vusdksa xSj&'kkldh;
laLFkk,a] ftuls ljdkjksa dk O;ogkj <yrk o cnyrk gS] rqyukRed ljdkj esa lfEefyr ugha dh tkrh gSA
rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh lEiw.kZrk (totality of political behaviour) osQ
vè;;u ls gSA blesa ljdkjksa o jktdh; laLFkkvksa dk rqyukRed vè;;u rks Lor% gh lfEefyr jgrk gSA
D;ksafd] jktuhfrd O;ogkj] jktuhfr laLFkkvksa o eq[;r% ljdkjh laLFkkvksa osQ bnZ &fxnZ ?kwerk gSA ijUrq]
blosQ vykok rqyukRed jktuhfr esa mu çHkkoksa o çfØ;kvksa dk vè;;u Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ftlls
ljdkjksa dk O;ogkj bl çdkj curk gSA th- osQ- jkWcV~lZ us rqyukRed jktuhfr dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq,
fy[kk gSμ
¶rqyukRed jktuhfr c`gr {ksË dk laosQrd gS ftlesa rqyukRed ljdkjksa o xSj&'kkldh; jktuhfrμdchyksa]
lEçnk;ksa (communities) o xSj&jktdh; laxBuksa dh jktuhfrμdk Hkh vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA¸
,MoMZ ,- ÚheSu (Edward A. Freeman) Hkh rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ foLr`r {ks=k dh ckr djrs gSaA budh ekU;rk
gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr esa osQoy ljdkjksa osQ fofHkUu :iksa dk gh rqyukRed vè;;u lfEefyr ugha gksrk oju~
fofoèk jktuhfrd çfØ;kvksa o muls lEc¼ jktuhfrd o xSj&jktdh; laLFkkvksa dk Hkh rqyukRed vè;;u
lfEefyr gksrk gSA
rqyukRed jktuhfr dh mijksDr O;k[;k ls Li"V gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr o rqyukRed 'kklu lekukFkhZ ugha
gSaA rqyukRed 'kklu] jktuhfr osQ osQoy 'kklu lEcUèkh laLFkkxr igyqvksa osQ vè;;u rd lhfer gS tcfd
rqyukRed jktuhfr mlls ,d dne vkxs c<+dj mu lHkh 'kfDr;ksa (forces) o çHkkoksa dk Hkh vè;;u djrh gS
tks jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa] jktuhfrd çfØ;k o jktuhfrd O;ogkj dks çR;{k o vçR;{k :i ls fo'ks"k çdkj dk
cukus osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA
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