Page 9 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV bu fopkjdksa osQ vuqlkj rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk bl çdkj dh ,d gh ns'k esa fLFkr fofHkUu ljdkjksaμloZO;kid
o vkaf'kdμdh vkil esa rqyuk ls gSA bl èkkj.kk osQ fopkjd ekurs gSa fd ;|fi ,d gh ns'k esa loZO;kid ;k
jk"Vªh; ljdkj rks ,d gh gksrh gS ijUrq vkaf'kd ljdkjsa vusdksa gksrh gS vkSj blfy;s buls lEcfUèkr jktuhfrd
çfØ;kvksa o laLFkkvksa dh rqyuk djosQ fuf'pr fu"d"kZ fudkyuk lEHko gSA tSls vxj ,dkRed jkT; gS rks mlesa
,d jk"Vªh; ljdkj gksxh vkSj dbZ LFkkuh; ljdkjsa ;k fuxe (corporation) gksaxsA vxj jkT; O;oLFkk la?kkRed gS]
rks jk"Vªh;] çkUrh; o LFkkuh; ljdkjsa gksaxhA bl èkkj.kk osQ leFkZd ;g ekurs gSa fd ,d gh jkT; esa fofHkUu Lrjksa
dh fofoèk ljdkjksa dh rqyuk djuk ^yEckRed rqyuk* dgykrk gS vkSj rqyukRed jktuhfr bUgha dh ikjLifjd
rqyuk djus ls lEc¼ 'kkL=k gSA bl çdkj dh ekU;rk j[kus okyksa us blfy, rqyukRed jktuhfr dh ifjHkk"kk bl
vkèkkj ij dh gS vkSj dgk gS fd ¶rqyukRed jktuhfr ,d gh ns'k dh fofHkUu ljdkjksa dh yEckRed rqyuk gSA¸
(comparative politics deals the vertical comparison of various government within the same cournty.)

rqyukRed jktuhfr dh mijksDr ifjHkk"kk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA bl ifjHkk"kk dk vkèkkj gh rdZlaxr ugha yxrkA
D;ksafd jk"Vªh; ljdkj ,oa vkaf'kd ljdkjksa osQ chp n`f"Vxkspj gksus okyh lekurk lrgh gSA oSls Hkh bu lekurkvksa
dh xgjkbZ esa tk,a rks buesa vlekurk,¡ gh vfèkd fn[kkbZZZ nsaxh vkSj Åij ls osQoy ek=kk dk vUrj fn[kkbZZZ nsus okyk
okLro esa ,d çdkj dk vUrj Hkh çrhr gksxkA bu lrgh lekurkvksa dk] tks ,d gh ns'k dh fofHkUu ljdkjksa
esa fn[kkbZZZ nsrh gSa] foLr`r foospu djosQ gh buesa O;kIr vlekurkvksa dks le>k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl osQ lUnHkZ
esa gh ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk lEHko gksxk fd rqyukRed jktuhfr ,d gh ns'k dh fofHkUu ljdkjksa dh yEckRed
rqyuk ugha gSA la{ksi esa jk"Vªh; o vkaf'kd ;k LFkkuh; ljdkjksa esa fuEufyf[kr lekurk,¡ Li"V fn[kkbZZ nsrh gSaA
(d) vkfFkZd lkèkuksa dh lekurkμ ;|fi Åij ls ns[kus ij jk"Vªh; o vkaf'kd ljdkjksa esa vkfFkZd lkèkuksa dh
lekurk yxrh gS] D;ksafd vkfFkZd lkèku nksuksa gh çdkj dh ljdkjksa osQ ikl gksrs gSa] fiQj Hkh ;g vkfFkZd lkèkuksa
dh lekurk vius esa dksbZ rqyukRed vè;;u osQ fy, mi;ksxh ugha gks ldrhA ;g lgh gS fd nksuksa osQ gh vkfFkZd
lkèkuksa dk mRFkku&iru gksrk jgrk gS vkSj muesa rqyuk dh laHkkouk,¡ Hkh fufgr fn[kkbZZ nsrh gSa ij okLro esa ,slk
lEHko ugha gSA ;fn jk"Vªh; ljdkj osQ vkfFkZd lkèkuksa dks] Ïksr (resources) vkdkj o lEHkkoukvksa dh n`f"V ls
ns[ksa rks ;g cgqr O;kid fn[kkbZZZ nsrs gSa ftudk lEcUèk çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i esa jkT; osQ gj O;fDr o LFkku ls
gS tcfd vkaf'kd ljdkjksa osQ lkèku brus O;kid ugha gksrsA blosQ vykok nksuksa osQ vkfFkZd lkèkuksa esa o`f¼ dk
çfØ;kRed vUrj Hkh Li"V yxrk gSA blls rqyuk esa tks lekurk yxsxh og vkèkkjHkwr ugha gksxhA D;ksafd budh
dksbZ ,d&lh fo"k;&ifjfèk (common frame of reference) ugha gks ldrhA blfy, tc ,slh fofHkUu ljdkjksa dh
rqyuk dh tk; rks ;g rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k fdlh lkekU;hdj.k dh lEHkkouk rd ugha ys tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa dh
lekurk çdkjkRed (qualitative) ugha] ek=kkRed (quantitative) gh jg tk;sxh ftldk rqyukRed jktuhfr esa
fo'ks"k mi;ksx lEHko ughaaA

([k) fu;eksa ;k fofèk;ksa dh lekurkμ gj çdkj dh ljdkj esa] pkgs og jk"Vªh; gks ;k vkaf'kd gks] laxBu
o lapkyu osQ fy, fu;eksa o fofèk;ksa dk ik;k tkuk vfuok;Z gSA bu fu;eksa dh lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij mudh rqyuk
Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA ijUrq] tc jk"Vªh; ljdkj osQ dkuwuksa o fu;eksa rFkk vkaf'kd ljdkj osQ fu;eksa o fofèk;ksa dk
vè;;u djrs gSa rks nkuksa esa Åij ls lekurk fn[kkbZZZ nsrs gq, Hkh xgjkbZ esa tkus ij vlekurk vfèkd vkSj lekurk
de fn[kkbZZZ nsxhA

jk"Vªh; ljdkj osQ fu;e o dkuwu vfèkd n`<+ gksrs gSa vkSj mudk ikyu Hkh vfèkd n`<+rk ls djk;k tkrk gSA mudk
vkdkj u osQoy c`gÙkjrk&;qDr gksrk gS oju~ muesa tfVyrk Hkh vfèkd gksrh gSA muosQ ihNs jk"Vªh; 'kfDr gksrh gS
ftlls mudk lkekU;r;k mYya?ku ugha fd;k tk ldrkA nwljh rjiQ] vkaf'kd ljdkj osQ fu;eksa esa mruh n`<+rk
o O;kidrk ugha gksrhA muosQ ihNs lEçHkq (sovereign) 'kfDr dk ugha gksuk mudh lqj{kk O;oLFkk gh esa deh ugha
ykrk oju~~ vuqikyu (obedience) esa Hkh <hyrk dk rÙo lekfo"V dj nsrk gSA vr% nksuksa gh çdkj dh ljdkjksa
esa fu;eksa dh bl lekurk ;k vlekurk osQ vkèkkj ij dksbZ vFkZiw.kZ rqyuk lEHko ughaa ,slh rqyuk ls nksuksa dh

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