Page 12 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ1% rqyukRed jktuhfr dh çd`fr vkSj fo"k; {ks=k

,sfrgkfld fujUrj js[kμbfUnjk xkaèkh ;qx uksV
(Historical ContinuumμIndira Gandhi Era)

bfUnjk xka/h ;qx
1966 1977
1966 1967 1969 1970 1971 1977

lÙkklu (prqFkZ vke pquko) (dkaxszl foHkktu) (ikd la?k"kZ) (eè;kof/ pquko)

fp=k 1-3

jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dh ;g leLrjh; rqyuk vo'; gh ,sfrgkfld lUnHkZ esa dh tk ldrh gS ijUrq blosQ fy, ;g
t:jh gS fd gj dky dh jk"Vªh; ljdkj osQ ckjs esa leku tkudkjh o rF; miyCèk gksaA vxj ,slk ugha gksxk rks
rqyuk lEHko ugha gksxhA rqyuk osQ fy, osQoy rF; gh dkiQh ugha] oju~ bu rF;ksa osQ lqLi"V vkèkkj Hkh gksaA ;gk¡
;g leL;k mRiUu gksrh gS fd D;k igys rF;ksa osQ vkèkkj fuf'pr fd;s tk;sa ;k rF; ,df=kr djosQ vkèkkj [kksts
tk,¡\ igys vkèkkj fuf'pr dj rF; ,df=kr djuk O;kogkfjd ugha yxrkA blls rks rF;ksa dk ladyu gh lEHko
ugha gksxkA tks vkadM+s vkèkkjksa dh dlkSVh ij Bhd ugha mrjsaxs mudks ,slh O;oLFkk esa ,d=k gh ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA blfy, vkadM+s igys ladfyr djosQ ckn esa vkèkkj ns[ks tk;saA bl çdkj jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dh ,sfrgkfld vkèkkj
ij rqyuk fofHkUu rF;ksa dks lqfLFkj vkèkkj çnku djosQ djuh pkfg, ftlls ,d&lh fo"k;&ifjfèk (common frame
of reference) esa dh x;h rqyuk] jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ ckjs esa dqN lkekU;hdj.k lEHko cuk;sA

bl çdkj] rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ,sfrgkfld lUnHkhZ jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dh le&Lrjh; rqyuk dh tkrh gSA bl çdkj
dh rqyuk dk viuk vyx egÙo Hkh gSA ijUrq rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ;gh dkiQh ughaA bldh bl 'kkL=k esa lhfer
mi;ksfxrk gh gS blls osQoy ,d jkT; dh jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dks fofHk dkyksa esa le>us esa gh lgk;rk feyrh gSA
ml jk"Vª ls fHk çdkj dh laLd`fr] lH;rk o laxBu okys jkT; esa lapkfyr ljdkj dh çd`fr o jktuhfrd O;ogkj
dks le>us osQ fy, ;g i;kZIr ugha gSA blosQ vykok Hkh orZeku ljdkj vkSj vrhr dkyhu ljdkjksa esa rqyuk osQ
fy, vko';d leku fo"k;&ifjfèk lEHko ugha gksrhA ,slh rqyuk,¡ jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh xR;kRedrkvksa
(dynamics) osQ LFkku ij osQoy laLFkkRed lrg rd gh lEHko gksrh gSA bl dkj.k rqyukRed jktuhfr esa fofHkÂ
jk"Vªksa esa çpfyr jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa ls lEcfUèkr jktuhfrd O;ogkjksa dh rqyuk djuk vfèkd mi;ksxh gksxkA
(2) ledkyhu fo'o esa O;kIr jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dh {kSrhth; rqyuk gSA (Horizontal comparison of

national governments across national boundaries within contemporary world) μ rqyukRed jktuhfr
dh çd`fr lEcUèkh loZekU; èkkj.kk vkt ;gh gS fd ;g ledkyhu fo'o esa çpfyr jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dk rqyukRed
vè;;u gSA thu Cyks.Msy us bldk leFkZu djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ

¶gekjs ikl rqyukRed ljdkjksa osQ vè;;u dk osQoy ,d gh n`f"Vdks.k 'ks"k cprk gS vkSj og gS ledkyhu fo'o
dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa ls lEc¼ jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dk jk"Vªh; lhekvksa osQ vkj&ikj vè;;u djukA¸
okLro esa blh çdkj dh rqyuk ls u osQoy lkekU;hdj.k lEHko gS] oju~~ jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ lEcUèk esa ,sls
fl¼kUrksa dk çfriknu Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS ftuls gj ns'k dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks le>k tk losQA buls gj
fofp=k jktuhfrd ?kVuk dk Li"Vhdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA buls jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa vkSj O;oLFkkvksa dh çd`fr
o dk;Zfofèk dks Hkh le>k tk ldrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 7