Page 16 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ1% rqyukRed jktuhfr dh çd`fr vkSj fo"k; {ks=k

(1) ewY;ksa o xUrO;ksa dk fu;eu (Formulation of Values and Goals) uksV
(2) ewY;ksa dks vkRelkr djuk o fufnZ"V fu.kZ;ksa esa :ikUrj.k (Digestion of Values and their Transformation
in goal Decisions)
(3) fu.kZ;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u (Implementation of Decisions)

ewY;ksa o xUrO;ksa osQ fu;eu osQ vUrxZr ml çfØ;k dk vè;;u gksrk gS] ftlosQ }kjk lekt osQ ewY; o mís';ksa dk
fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj tks ljdkj osQ lkeus turk dh ekaxksa osQ :i esa vkrs gSa ftUgsa bZLVu ^ekaxksa o leFkZuksa* (Demands

and Supports) dk uke nsrs gSa vkSj tks vke.M osQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ fuos'k (inputs) gSaA buosQ çfr turk
tkx`r gksrh gS vkSj 'kklu&rU=k dks fHkK cukrh gSA thu Cyks.Msy dh ekU;rk gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr esa gesa
¶loZçFke ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd ewY;ksa dk fdl çdkj fu;eu gksrk gS vkSj fdu&fdu rjhdksa ls ljdkj buls fHkK
curh gSA¸ bl çdkj O;ogkjokfn;ksa osQ vuqlkj mu ewY;ksa o mí';ksa osQ fu;eu dh çfØ;k dk rqyukRed jktuhfr
esa vè;;u o rqyuk dh tkuh pkfg, tks lekt esa ekaxksa osQ :i esa mHkj vkrs gSaA

ewY;ksa dks vkRelkr djus o fufnZ"V fu.kZ;ksa esa :ikUrj.k ls rkRi;Z ;g ns[kus ls gS fd fofHkUu ekaxksa o ewY;ksa dks
^'kklu&rU=k* fdl çdkj xzg.k djrk gS] vkSj budks lEiw.kZ lekt ij ykxw gksus okys fu.kZ;ksa esa fdl çdkj
:ikarfjr djrk gS\ ;gka ;g ns[kuk gksrk gS fd 'kklu&rU=k osQ lkeus çLrqr gksus okyh vla[; ekaxksa esa ls ;g fdldks
vkRelkr djrk gS vkSj fdu ewY;ksa dks xzg.k djus ls çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i us badkj djrk gS\
fu.kZ;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u ljdkjh fØ;k dk rhljk vkSj vafre Lrj gSA ljdkj turk osQ ftu mís';ksa o ewY;ksa dks
Lohdkj dj fu.kZ;ksa dk :i nsrh gS mUgsa fu;eksa ;k fofèk;ksa esa cnydj ykxw djrh gSA ;g 'kklu fØ;k] fu;e fuekZ.k]
fu;e fØ;kfUofr vkSj fu;e fu.kZ; dh rhu fØ;kvksa ls lEcfUèkr gksrh gSA
O;ogkjoknh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks ,d bysDVªksfud (electronic) ;U=k osQ :i esa ns[krs gSaA 'kklu&rU=k f}&ekxhZ
çpkyu gSA ;g ,d ,slh e'khu gS] tks laosQr (signals) xzg.k djrh gS vkSj budk vU; laosQrksa esa :ikUrj.k djrh
gSA rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk 'kklu&rU=k }kjk xzg.k fd;s x;s laosQrksa o muosQ :ikUrj.k dh çfØ;k ls gSA
bl çdkj rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vè;;u&{ks=k esa] jktuhfrd lekt esa ewY;ksa o xUrO;ksa osQ fu;eu dh çfØ;kvksa]
bu ewY;ksa dks 'kklu&rU=k }kjk vkRelkr djuk o fufnZ"V fu.kZ;ksa esa :ikUrj vkSj Lohd`r fu.kZ;ksa osQ dk;kZUo;u
ls lEc¼ çfØ;k,¡ lfEefyr dh tkrh gSA O;ogkjoknh gj ljdkj osQ dk;ks± osQ ;g rhu igyw ekurs gSa vkSj rqyukRed
jktuhfr dk {ks=k bu rhuksa çfØ;kvksa ls lEcfUèkr jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k rd ekurs gSaA
O;ogkjokfn;ksa }kjk jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh ladYiukRed ljyrk o 'kklu&fØ;k ls lEcfUèkr rhu çfØ;kvksa dh
rqyuk rd rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ {ks=k dks lhfer j[kuk bl 'kkL=k dks LorU=k vuq'kklu dh voLFkk ls oafpr
j[kuk gSA blls jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ lEcUèk esa lkekU; fl¼kUrksa dk loZO;kid Lrj ij fuekZ.k ugha gksrkA vr%
rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fo"k;&{ks=k] 'kklufØ;k osQ mijksDr rhu Lrjh; rqyukRed vè;;u rd lfefr djuk vkSj
bl vkèkkj ij jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa osQ O;ogkj dks le>us dk ç;kl ,d lhek osQ ckn lEHko ugha gSA
ekudksa o O;ogkj osQ lEcUèkksa dk fookn (Controversy over the Relationship of Norms and Behaviour)

rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fo"k;&{ks=k lEcUèkh nwljk fookn vfèkd tfVyrkvksa dk tud gSA ekud (norms) dh
vfHkO;fÙkQ] dkuwu çfØ;kvksa (procedures) o fu;eksa (rules) esa gksrh gSA ijUrq jktuhfrd O;ogkj dbZ ckj bu
dkuwuksa osQ çfrdwy gksrk gS vkSj ;gh rqyukRed vè;;u esa isphnfx;k¡ mRiUu djrk gSA vxj jktuhfrd vkpj.k
ekudksa osQ vuq:i jgs rks rqyuk djuk ljy gksxkA ij lkèkkj.kr;k ,slk ges'kk ugha gksrk ;k gksrk gS rks ckè;dkjh
'kfDr osQ tksj ij gksrk gSA blls ;g leL;k mRiUu gksrh gS fd ;g jktuhfrd O;ogkj rqyuk esa lfEefyr djosQ
vxj fu"d"kZ fudkys x;s rks os fu"d"kZ Lor% gh v'kq¼ gksaxsA lkFk gh bldks rqyuk ls ckgj j[kuk jktuhfrd
O;oLFkkvksa dh okLrfodrkvksa ls nwj jguk gSA blfy, rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ;g Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg, fd jktuhfrd
O;ogkj ekudksa osQ vuqdwy gS ;k çfrdwyA vFkkZr jktuhfrd fØ;k ls lEcfUèkr O;fDr;ksa }kjk ekudksa osQ vfHkO;Dr

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