Page 15 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV vfHkKkuksa (Identifications)] ekaxksa vkSj vk'kkvksa rFkk mlosQ jktuhfrd fo'oklksa] ewY;ksa ,o y{;ksa dh O;oLFkk
dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA mlesa laLd`fr vkSj lkekftd O;oLFkk osQ fofHkUu Lrj Hkh lfEefyr gSaA bu lcdk
vfHkeq[khdj.k (orientation) vusd dkj.kksa o vk;keksa ls lEc¼ rÙoksa ls gksrk gS] blfy, LoHkkor% jktuhfrd
O;ogkj dk vè;;u vU; lekt&foKkuksa ls vyx&Fkyx ugha jg ldrk gSA la{ksi esa os lHkh O;ogkjkRed çfØ;k,¡]
tks euq"; osQ jktuhfr vfHkKku] ekaxksa] vkdka{kkvksa vkSj mlosQ y{;ksa] ewY;ksa vkSj jktuhfrd fo'oklksa dh O;oLFkkvksa
dk fuekZ.k djrh gSa] rqyukRed jktuhfr dk vè;;u&{ks=k cu tkrh gSA

O;ogkjoknh n`f"Vdks.k dk rqyukRed jktuhfr esa egÙo vkSj Li"V djus osQ fy,] O;ogkjokfn;ksa }kjk dh xbZ
jktuhfr&foKku dh ifjHkk"kk dk mYys[k djuk vko';d gSA MsfoM bZLVu us jktuhfr&'kkL=k dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq,
fy[kk gSμ¶jktuhfr&'kkL=k lekt esa ewY;ksa vfèkd`r forj.k ls lEcfUèkr Kku gSA¸ gj jktuhfrd lekt esa ewY;ksa
dk ^vfèkd`r forj.k* osQoy ljdkjsa gh djrh gSaA vU; O;fDr;ksa o laLFkkvksa }kjk ewY;ksa dk forj.k o çpyu vo';
gksrk gS] ijUrq ;g vfèkd`r ugha gks ldrk_ D;ksafd ;g ckè;dkjh 'kfDr dk ç;ksx ugha dj ldrsA blfy, gj
lekt esa ^'kklu&rU=k* dk fo'ks"k egÙo gksrk gSA ljdkj gh og rU=k gS] ftlls ewY;ksa dk vfèkd`r forj.k gksrk
gSA tks vko';drk iM+us ij blosQ fy, ckè; Hkh djrh gSA bl çdkj] gj jktuhfrd lekt esa gj çdkj ls
jktuhfrd xfrfofèk ^'kklu&rU=k* osQ bnZ&fxnZ gh pDdj yxkrh gS] vkSj blh osQ lUnHkZ esa gj jktuhfrd xfrfofèk
esa bu ewY;ksa osQ forj.k dh O;oLFkk dh fofHkUu jktuhfrd lektksa osQ lUnHkZ esa rqyuk vko';d ekurs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj
rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fo"k;&{ks=k ^'kklu&fØ;k* osQ rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k ls lEc¼ gSA Lo;a mUgha osQ 'kCnksa esaμ
¶rqyukRed ljdkj (jktuhfr) osQ vè;;u esa] mu rjhdksa dk] ftuls lekt esa ewY;ksa dk vfèkd`r fooj.k gksrk
gS] ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA¸
^lekt*
'kklu&fØ;k ;k ewY;ksa dk vfèkd`r forj.k ;k
vkoaVu nks&rjiQh fØ;k gSA igys gj 'kklu&rU=k
laosnu'khyrk
dks fØ;k'khy cukuk gksrk gSA fiQj ;g ljdkjh (Activation)
vuqfØ;k
rU=k] bl çsj.kk (activation) osQ dkj.k vuqfØ;kRed
(Response)
(responsive) curk gSA gj jktuhfrd lekt esa
'kklu&rU=k ij pkjksa rjiQ ls çHkko o ncko iM+rs 'kklu ra=k
jgrs gSaA ;g çsj.kk rF; 'kklu rU=k dks laosnu'khy izfrlEHkj.k ;k
cukrs gSa ftlls ;g vuqfØ;k djrk gSA bls fp=k
izR;korZu iks"k.k
ls vkSj Hkh Li"V le>k tk ldrk gSA (Feed-back)

gj jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa 'kklu&rU=k ij iM+us
okys çHkkoksa o nckoksa ls ;g laosnu'khy cudj rqjUr vuqfØ;k djrk gS vkSj bl vuqfØ;k ls çR;korZu iks"k.k gksrk
gS vkSj lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd çfØ;k bl pØ esa pyrh jgrh gSA blesa laLFkkvksa osQ nksuksa gh çdkjμjktuhfrd o
xSj&jktdh;μegÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krs gSa vkSj rqyukRed jktuhfr esa bu nksuksa gh dk vè;;u vfuok;Z gSA Cyks.Msy
us rqyukRed jktuhfr dks mu lc çHkkoksa osQ rqyukRed vè;;u ls lEc¼ ekuk gS tks 'kklu&rU=k dh laosnu'khyrk
osQ ihNs jgrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkjμ

cgqr vfèkd lqfuf'prrk ls ;g O;k[;k djus osQ ctk; fd] ;g ^oLrq,¡* ljdkj ls lEcfUèkr gSa vkSj og ljdkjksa
ls lEcfUèkr ugha gS] ;g ns[kuk vfèkd mi;ksxh gksxk fd 'kklu&rU=k fdu&fdu rF;ksa o ekxks± (channels) ls
laosnu'khy cudj vuqfØ;kRed gksrk gSA¸

bl çdkj] rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk çeq[kr;k 'kklu&fØ;k osQ bnZ&fxnZ ?kwers jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ
rqyukRed vè;;u ls gSA ijUrq 'kklu&fØ;k rhu Lrjksa ij lapkfyr gksrh gS ;k ;ksa dgsa fd ewY;ksa dk vfèkd`r
vkoaVu rhu Lrjksa ij ifjpkfyr gksrk gSA blfy,] ¶rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ifjpkyurk (operations) osQ bu Lrjksa
dk] ftuls ewY;ksa dk vkoaVu gksrk gS] ijh{k.k djuk egÙoiw.kZ gSA¸ ;g rhu Lrj gSaμ

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