Page 18 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ1% rqyukRed jktuhfr dh çd`fr vkSj fo"k; {ks=k

1-2 rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fodkl (Development of comparative Politics) uksV

rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ fodkl osQ çeq[k pj.kksa dk foospu djus ls igys dqN fooknksa dh laf{kIr ppkZ vko';d
gS D;ksafd] bu fooknksa esa nks fookn çeq[k gSaμigyk fookn gS] vfèk&fl¼kUrh; (Meta-Theoretical) o nwljk gS]
iwoZ&fl¼kUrh; (Pre-Theoretical) fooknA bu fooknksa dk laf{kIr foospu bl çdkj gS
vfèk&fl¼kUrh; fookn] fl¼kUrksa osQ fl¼kUr (theory of Theories) ls lEcfUèkr gSA rqyukRed jktuhfr esa blls
rkRi;Z ml fookn ls gS ftlesa rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ dqN fo}ku] bl vkèkkjHkwr fl¼kUr ij er&foHksn gSaA
rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ dqN fo}ku] bl vkèkkjHkwr fl¼kUr] ftl ij bldh vè;;u i¼fr;ka o fo'ys"k.k 'kSyh
vkèkkfjr gSa] dks mfpr ugha ekurs gSaA ;g u osQoy bldks pqukSrh nsrh gS] oju~~ bldk ifjR;kx djuk pkgrs gSaA
vkèkqfud jktuhfr'kkfL=k;ksa dh ekU;rk gS fd bl vkèkkjHkwr fl¼kUr dks NksM+uk vko';d gSA tc rd ;g
vkèkkjHkwrrk cuh jgsxh] rc rd rqyukRed jktuhfr esa uohu i¼fr;ksa o çfofèk;ksa dk ç;ksx lEHko ugha gksxkA
bl çdkj] ,d rjiQ] ijEijkokfn;ksa }kjk bl fl¼kUr dh lkFkZdrk o mi;ksfxrk dh ckr dh tkrh gS] vkSj nwljh
rjiQ] vkèkqfud jktuhfr'kkL=kh bUgsa u osQoy vLohdkj djrs gSa] oju~ bUgsa fujFkZd ekurs gSaA ;g fo}ku rqyukRed
jktuhfr esa u;s vk;ke <wa< jgs gSa ftudh viuh i¼fr] vius n`f"Vdks.k o vkèkkj gksaA
bl çdkj] vkèkqfud jktuhfr&fo}ku udkjkRed <ax ls rks rqyukRed jktuhfr esa yEch vofèk ls çpfyr fl¼kUrksa
dks xyr crk jgs gSa vkSj lkdkjkRed <ax ls u;s vk;keksa osQ u;s vkèkkj] ftudh i¼fr o n`f"dks.k fHkUu gksa] çLrqr
dj jgs gSaA ;g fl¼kUrksa dk fookn ekSfyd gS blls gh rqyukRed jktuhfr dk iqjkru ls vkèkqfud esa ços'k dh
vM+puksa dk vkHkkl feyrk gSA ;g fookn vkt Hkh cuk gqvk gSA ,d rjiQ] jktuhfrd çfØ;kvksa dh fofHkUurk,¡
o jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh fofp=krk,¡] rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k dks pqukSrh ns jgh gSa] vkSj ijEijkxr vè;;u n`f"Vdks.k
dks gh] Kku dh orZeku lhekvksa esa loZJs"B Bgjk jgh gSa rks nwljh rjiQ] bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus osQ fy,
ubZ voèkkj.kk,¡] ubZ vè;;u i¼fr;k¡ o uohu n`f"Vkdks.k vkSj mikxe çLrqr fd, tk jgs gSaA ;g fl¼kUrksa dk
fookn gh vfèk&fl¼kUrh; fookn dgk tkrk gSA
iwoZ&fl¼kUrh; fookn ls rkRi;Z ml fLFkfr ls lEcfUèkr fookn ls gS] tks fl¼kUr ls iwoZ dh fLFkfr ls lEc¼ gSA
fdlh Hkh 'kkL=k esa fl¼kUr fuekZ.k dh rhu voLFkk,¡ ;k Lrj gksrs gSaA ;g rhu Lrj gSaμifjdYiukdj.k
(hypothesisation) lkekU;hdj.k o lS¼karhdj.kA iwoZ&fl¼kUrh; fookn dk lacaèk igys o nwljs Lrjksa ls gSA
vkèkqfud rqyukRed jktuhfr vHkh rd ifjdYiukdj.k o lkekU;hdj.k ls vkxs ugha c<+ ikbZ gSA bu Lrjksa osQ
lacaèk esa Hkh vusd fookn gSaA gsjh ,DlVhu us bu fooknksa osQ dkj.kksa ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ¶rqyukRed
jktuhfr osQ ckjs esa lcls vfèkd vkèkkjHkwr ckr ;g gS fd vkt ;g ,slk vuq'kklu gS ftlesa vR;fèkd fookn
gS] D;ksafd ;g 'kkL=k ,d çdkj dh fo'ys"k.k 'kSyh ls nwljs çdkj dh 'kSyh esa laØe.k dh voLFkk esa gSA¸
mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr esa fookn gh fookn gSaA bl vuq'kklu dk dksbZ ljy o lhèkk
foospu lEHko ughaA bldh orZeku voLFkk dks le>us osQ fy, gsjh ,DlVhu osQ vuqlkj rhu ckrsa djuh gksaxhA
çFke rks blosQ fodkl dk ,sfrgkfld foospuk djuk gksxkA nwljs] ;g le>kuk gksxk fd ;g vuq'kklu orZeku
erHksnksa dh voLFkk esa dSls vk;k\ vkSj rhljs] blosQ orZeku fopkjdksa esa O;kIr çeq[k fooknksa o mudh bl 'kkL=k
ls vis{kkvksa dh O;k[;k djuh gksxhA bu rhuksa ç'uksa osQ mÙkj ijLij xBcfUèkr gSa vkSj bl 'kkL=k osQ fodkl dk
,sfrgkfld foospu djus ij cgqr dqN Li"V gks losQxkA blfy, rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ fodkl ij n`f"Vikr djuk
vko';d gSA

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