Page 17 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV dkuwuksa dk fdruk ikyu vkSj fdruk mYya?ku gksrk gS\
;gka ;g è;ku j[kuk vko';d gS fd ekud o O;ogkj nksuksa gh vpy ugha jgrsA ;g vko';d ugha fd tks ekud
o O;ogkj vkt gSa og vkxs vkus okys le; esa Hkh jgsaA ;g nksuksa gh xR;kRed gSaA buesa lkE; (harmony) o
xfrjksèk nksuksa gh gks ldrk gSA lkekU;r;k buesa ikjLifjdrk jgrh gS vkSj nksuksa ,d nwljs dks çHkkfor djrs jgrs
gSaA ekud esa ifjorZu] O;ogkj esa Hkh ifjorZu ykrk gS] vkSj Lo;a O;ogkj Hkh uohu ekud dh LFkkiuk dk dkj.k
cu ldrk gSA blfy, rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ekud o O;ogkj osQ jktuhfrd igyqvksa dk vè;;u Hkh lfEefyr
gksuk pkfg,A thu Cyks.Msy us Hkh fy[kk gSμ
¶tcfd vkèkkjHkwr n`f"V ls rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk ljdkj dh lajpuk ls gksuk pkfg, ij lkFk gh mldk
lEcUèk O;ogkj osQ LiQfVr (crystallized) çfrekuksa o vkpj.kksa (practices) ls Hkh gksuk pkfg,A D;ksafd] ljdkj
dh thfor rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vè;;u&{ks=k osQ ckjs esa mijksDr fooknksa osQ foLr`r foospu ls ;g Li"V gS fd
blesa u osQoy 'kklurU=kksa o laxBuksa dh rqyuk dh tkrh gS vkSj u gh ekud o O;ogkjksa osQ lEcUèkksa dk fo'ys"k.k
ek=k gh fd;k tkrk gS] oju~~ blosQ {ks=k esa bu nksuksa dk gh lekos'k vko';d gSA vr% fu"d"kZ :i esa ;g dgk
tk ldrk gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ fo"k;&{ks=k esa fofHk jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dh 'kklu&lajpukvksa
(governmental structures)] 'kklu&O;ogkj çfrekuksa (governmental behaviour patterns) o xSj&jktdh;
laLFkkvksa osQ jktuhfrd O;ogkj çfrekuksa dk vè;;u lfEefyr gSA bl çdkj rqyukRed jktuhfrd vè;;u]
dkuwu&fuekZ.k] dkuwu&ç;ksx vkSj fofHk jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa osQ vaxksa ls lEcfUèkr fu.kZ;ksa vkSj jktuhfrd nyksa
o ncko&lewgksa tSls lafoèkkukfrfjDr vfHkdj.kksa (extra-constitutional agencies) osQ vè;;u rd gh lhfer ugha
jgrk] oju~~ blls vkxs Hkh c<+rk gSA buesa mu rF;ksa dk vè;;u Hkh ,d fof'k"V rjhosQ ls djuk gksrk gS tks
lkekU;r;k vFkZ'kkL=k] lekt'kkL=k vkSj ekuo'kkL=k (anthropology) osQ {ks=k esa vkrs gSaA flMuh ockZ (Sydney
Verba) us rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vè;;u&{ks=k dh O;kidrk dk laosQr nsrs gq, fy[kk gSμ
¶rqyukRed jktuhfr esa Økafr dk Jhx.ks'k vusd lkglh fl¼kUrksa osQ dkj.k gqvkμbuesa dgk x;k fd osQoy o.kZu
ls vkxs c<+dj lS¼kfUrd n`f"V ls vfèkd laxr leL;kvksa dh vksj nsf[k,] ,d ekeys ls vkxs c<+dj vusd ekeyksa
dh rqyuk dh vksj nsf[k,] ljdkj dh vkSipkfjd laLFkkvksa osQ vè;;u ls vkxs c<+rs gq, jktuhfrd çfØ;kvksa vkSj
jktuhfrd dk;ks± dh vksj nsf[k,] rFkk osQoy if'peh ;wjksih; ns'kksa dk vè;;u u djosQ ,f'k;k] vÚhdk ,oa ySfVu
vejhdk osQ uoksfnr jk"Vªksa dh vksj nsf[k,A¸
bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd jktuhfrd vuqHkoksa] laLFkkvksa] O;ogkjksa vkSj ljdkjksa dh eq[; O;oLFkkvksa dh çfØ;kvksa
dk O;kid :i ls vè;;u djrs le; rqyukRed jktuhfr esa ltx o lpsr rqyukvksa dk fof'k"V egÙo gSA
rqyukRed jktuhfr esa mu lafoèkkukfrfjDr vfHkdj.kksa (agencies) dk vè;;u Hkh lfEefyr gksrk gS ftudk
vkSipkfjd ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ls çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i esa fudV dk lEcUèk gksrk gS tSlk fd ,e- dfVZl us Hkh
Li"V fy[kk gS fd] ¶jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa vkSj jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh dk;Z&ç.kkyh esa egÙoiw.kZ fu;ferrkvksa]
lekurkvksa vkSj vlekurkvksa ls rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk gSA¸
vUr esa rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ fo"k;&{ks=k osQ lEcUèk esa fu"d"kZr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd bldk lEcUèk 'kklu
ç.kkfy;ksa dh fofHkUurk ,oa lekurk nksuksa ls gh gS ijUrq] lekurkvksa ls vfèkd egÙo vlekurkvksa dk gSA ,slk
blfy, gS fd vkèkkjHkwr n`f"V ls rqyukRed jktuhfr esa jktuhfrd lekt vkSj 'kklu&rU=k dh ikjLifjdrk o
fofoèk jktuhfrd O;ogkjksa ls lEcfUèkr çfØ;kvksa dh rqyuk dh tkrh gS] vkSj ;g çfØ;k,a fofHkUu ns'kksa esa fofHkUu
çdkj dh gksrh gSA lkekftd O;oLFkk dk laLFkkxr çdk'ku fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj dk gksus osQ dkj.k
jktuhfrd O;ogkj o mlls lEcfUèkr çfØ;kvksa dks Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj dk cuk nsrk gSA bl fofoèkrk&fHkUurk
o fo"kerk;qDr jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ rqyukRed vè;;u ls rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk gSA

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