Page 13 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV rqyukRed jktuhfr dh çd`fr osQ mijksDr foospu ls Li"V gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr ,d LorU=k vuq'kklu gS
tks jktuhfr&foKku esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ 'kk[kk cu x;k gSA ;|fi bldk vè;;u Hkh jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa ls lEcfUèkr
jktuhfr ls gS fiQj Hkh ;g jktuhfr&foKku ls bl vFkZ esa fHkUu gS fd blesa jkT; o xSj&'kkldh; jktuhfr] nksuksa
dk gh vè;;u lfEefyr gksrk gSA tcfd jktuhfr&foKku] xSj&'kkldh; jktuhfr ls çR;{k :i esa lEcfUèkr ugha
gksrkA bl çdkj] rqyukRed jktuhfr] ,d gh ns'k dh jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa dk ,sfrgkfld lUnHkZ o jk"Vªh; lhekvksa osQ
vkj&ikj rqyukRed ç.k;u gh ugha gS_ ;g blosQ lkFk] jktuhfrd çfØ;kvksa o jktuhfrd O;ogkj rFkk ljdkjh
rU=kksa dks çHkkfor djus okyh xSj&ljdkjh O;oLFkkvksa dk Hkh rqyukRed vè;;u gSA
rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fo"k;&{ks=k (Scope of Comparative Politics)
rqyukRed jktuhfr dk fo"k;&{ks=k vHkh Hkh lhekadu (demarcation) dh voLFkk esa gS blosQ fo"k;&{ks=k dh
fuekZ.k&voLFkk osQ dkj.k gh th-osQ- jkcV~lZ (G.K. Roberts) us vius ,d uohu ys[k 'Comparative Politics
today' esa ;gka rd fy[kk gS fd] ¶rqyukRed jktuhfr lc dqN gS ;k og dqN Hkh ugha gSA¸ blosQ fo"k;&{ks=k
esa ,d lhek osQ ckn foLr`rrk bls jktuhfr&foKku osQ vuq:i cuk nsrh gS rFkk nwljh rjiQ] blosQ {ks=k dh vR;fèkd
ladqfpr voèkkj.kk bls LorU=k vuq'kklu (Independent discipline) dh voLFkk ls gh oafpr dj nsrh gSa blfy,
blosQ fo"k;&{ks=k dh çeq[k leL;k ;g cu tkrh gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr esa D;k&D;k lfEefyr fd;k tk; vkSj
D;k&D;k blosQ vè;;u ls ckgj j[kk tk;\ lkFk gh ;g ç'u Hkh vkrk gS fd jktuhfr lEcUèkh fdlh igyw dks
blosQ vè;;u esa lfEefyr djus ;k ugha djus dk vkèkkj D;k gks\ fo"k;&{ks=k osQ lhekadu dh ;g leL;k bl
dkj.k vkSj Hkh my>h gqbZ yxrh gS fd blosQ fopkjd] vè;;u i¼fr;ksa ifjoR;ks±] fo'ys"k.k osQ mikxeksa (analytical
approaches)] fl¼kUrksa osQ çdkjksa o fo'ys"k.k dh bdkbZ ij Hkh ,der ugha gks ik jgs gSaA ;gka gsjh ,DlVhu
(Harry Eckstein) dh rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ fo"k;&{ks=k osQ lEcUèk esa ;g dFku m¼`r djuk bl fookn dh
xEHkhjrk dk Li"Vhdj.k djus osQ fy, i;kZIr gksxkA ,DlVhu us fy[kk gSμ
¶lcls vfèkd vkèkkjHkwr ckr rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ ckjs esa ;g gS fd vkt ;g ,d ,slk fo"k; gS ftlesa vR;fèkd
fookn gS D;ksafd ;g laØe.k&fLFkfr esa gSμ,d çdkj dh fo'ys"k.k 'kSyh ls nwljs çdkj dh 'kSyh esa çLFkku dj
jgk gSA¸
blls Li"V gS fd rqyukRed jktuhfr dh ifjHkk"kk o çd`fr dh rjg bldk fo"k;&{ks=k Hkh fookn dk fo"k; gSa blosQ
{kss=k dks ysdj ijEijkokfn;ksa o vkèkqfud jktuhfr&'kkfL=k;ksa esa xgjk erHksn gSA thu Cyks.Msy Jean Blondel) us
;g fookn nks ckrksa ls lEcfUèkr crk;k gSA igyk gS rqyukRed jktuhfr dh lhek lEcUèkh o nwljk gS ekudksa
o O;ogkjksa osQ ikjLifjd lEcUèkksa lEcUèkh fooknA bu nksuksa dk foLr`r foospu djosQ gh rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ
fo"k; {ks=k dk fuèkkZj.k dj lduk lEHko gksxkA
lhek lacaèkh fookn (Controversy over the Boundary): rqyukRed jktuhfr esa lhek lEcUèkh fookn gj vè;;u
osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls lEcfUèkr gSA lHkh jktuhfr 'kkL=kh bl ckr ij rks lger gSa fd rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk jk"Vªh;
ljdkjksa ls gS vkSj blesa Hkh osQoy ljdkjh <kapksa (governmental structures) dk gh vè;;u ugha vfirq ljdkjksa
osQ dk;Zdykiksa o xSj&jktdh; laLFkkvksa osQ jktuhfrd dk;ks± dk Hkh vè;;u vko';d :i esa lfEefyr jgrk gSA ysfdu
muesa fookn bl ckr dks ysdj gS fd rqyuk ls lEcfUèkr jktuhfrd dk;Zdykiksa ls D;k vFkZ le>k tk;\ vFkkZr ljdkj
dh fØ;kvksa dh O;k[;k fdl <ax ls dh tk;\ bl lEcUèk esa nks n`f"Vdks.k çpfyr gSaA buesa ls dkSu&lk n`f"Vdks.k
rqyukRed jktuhfrd vè;;u osQ fy, viuk;k tk; rFkk dksbZ fo'ks"k nf"Vdks.k gh dks D;ksa viuk;k tk,] ;g fookn
`
dk fo"k; jgk gS\ ;g n`f"Vdks.k gSμdkuwuh n`f"Vdks.k o O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.kA bu nksuksa n`f"Vdks.kksa dk vFkZ Li"V djosQ
gh bl fookn dks le>k o bl lEcUèk esa fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA la{ksi esa budk foospu bl çdkj gS
(d) dkuwuh ;k laLFkkxr n`f"Vdks.k (Legalistic or Institutional Approach)μbl n`f"Vdks.k osQ vuqlkj
rqyukRed jktuhfr esa osQoy lafoèkku }kjk LFkkfir ljdkjh lajpuk dk] rFkk lafoèkku }kjk fu;r fd;s x;s

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