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fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fynkfeqs fBPfeqn b'eK Bkb ;zgoe o~yD ns/ ftfGzB BhshnK d/ gqsh UBK ft~u ;irsk T[sgzB eoD ns/ BØN
UBK s'A UBK BhshnK dk ;woEB gkUD bJh Uj iB ;zgoe wkfXnwK ns/ ;EkfBe ;zrmBK dk gq:'r eod/
jB. Uj iBsk Bz{ feqnkPhb pDkUD dk :sB eod/ jB. Uj iBsk dhnK wzrK Bz{ ;oeko s~e ns/ ;oeko
d/ fBofDnK Bz{ iBsk s~e b? iKd/ jB. fJ; soK db, ;oeko ns/ iBsk ft~u w~Xtosh dk ezw eod/ jB.
db iBsk Bz{ ;feqn pDk e/ UBK dk ;woEB gkUD dk ezw iB^;GktK, todhnK, MzfvnK ns/ j'o J/esk;{ue
t;sK d[nkok n~r/ tXkfJnk iKdk j?. fJ; soK db, ftnesh ns/ ;oeko Bz{ i'VD tkbh eVh pD iKd/ jB.
okiBhfse iB ;zukbB dk fJj gfjb{ ;otkfXekoh Pk;B ftt;EktK d/ fJ~e wkso dbK d/ ;zpzX ft~u j'o
th nfXe ;jh j?. fJ; gqeko dhnK ftt;EktK ft~u db , okiBhfse iB ;zukbB dk ekoi eo e/ jh ;wki
ns/ ;oeko ft~u skbw/b fpmkJ/ o~ydk j?. fJ; bJh okiBhfse db, ;oeko ns/ iBsk d/ ft~u ;zgoe
;Ekfgs eoD dk gqGkth ;kXB ofjzd/ jB.
nkX[fBeheoD dk T[geoD
nkX[fBeheoD dk T[geoD
nkX[fBeheoD dk T[geoD
nkX[fBeheoD dk T[geoD
nkX[fBeheoD dk T[geoD (Tools of Modernization)
ftek;Phb okiK dhnK okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u nkX[fBeheoD dh ;w~f;nk dk ;kjwDk eoD bJh ;oekoK
th okiBhfse dbK dh wj~stg{oD G{fwek Bz{ ;theko eodhnK jB. fJBK okiK ft~u gozgokrs ;wki j'D
d/ ekoD iksh, Xkofwe, B;bh ns/ j'o brktK dhnK fy~uK gqpb j[zdhnK jB. fJ; d/ ekoD okPNoh J/
esk ns/ okPNoh fdqPNhe'D dk ftek; BjhA j' gkUAdk j?. ;wki ftt;Ek dh gozgokrssk, okiBhfse
nkX[fBeheoD ft~u t~vh o[ektN pD iKdh j?. okiBhfse db ;~sk ft~u nkUD s/ ;~sk ft~u pD/ ofjD bJh
nkX[fBeheoD dhnK Io{osK d/ wj~stg{oD g{oe ns/ gq/oe pD iKd/ jB. nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie fB:'iB
d/ wkfXnw Bkb ;oekoK ;wki dk Bt^fBowkD eodhnK jB ns/ okiBhfse db UBK Bz{ Io{oh ;woEB
i[Nk e/ n~r/ tXD d/ ;kXB i[NkUAd/ jB.
ftek;Phb okiK dh soK jh ftef;s okiK ft~u th okiBhfse db nkX[fBeheoD d/ ;z:'ie ofjzd/ jB. jo
okiBhfse ;wki ft~u okiBhfse dbK ns/ ;oekoK dk Gft~y fJ; r~b s/ fBoGo eodk j? fe Uj ;wki
Bz{ nkX[fBeheoD d/ o;s/ s/ fe~E'A s~e b? ikD ft~u ;cb j'J/ jB. nB/eK ftek;Phb okiK ft~u ;oekoK ns/
okiBhfse dbK dhnK b'esKsfoe gfo;fEshnK, nkX[fBeheoD ft~u fJBK dh n;cbsk d/ jh ekoD,
nfXBkfJetkdh pDk fd~shnK rJhnK jB. fJ; bJh okiBhfse db nkX[fBeheoD d/ T[geoD d/ o{g ft~u
jo okiBhfse ;wki ft~u ;feqn ofjzd/ jB. bk gkb'Apkok ns/ wkJhBo thBo B/ dbK d/ fJ; ekoi d/ ;zpzX
ft~u mhe jh fbfynk j?, “ okiBhfse dbK dk Gft~y fJ; r~b s/ fBoGo eodk j? fe Uj ns/ UBK dhnK
;oekoK okiBhfse ftek; d/ ;zeN dk ;kjwDk eoD ft~u fe~E'A s~e ;cb ofjzdhnK jB.”

iB^;zukbB ns/ ;"d/pkIh (Mobilization and Bargaining)
iB^;zukbB ns/ ;"d/pkIh
iB^;zukbB ns/ ;"d/pkIh
iB^;zukbB ns/ ;"d/pkIh
iB^;zukbB ns/ ;"d/pkIh
jo EK okiBhfse db iB^;zukbB dk ekoi eod/ jB. fJ~e dbh gqDkbhnK ft~u sK iB^;zukbB b'e gqPk;B
d/ Io{oh nzr d/ o{g ft~u jh ftt;fEs ofjzdk j?. fJBK ftt;EktK ft~u iB^;zukbB, iBsk ns/ db d/
w?ApoK Bz{ nB[Pkf;s o~yD d/ fJ~e gfjb{ d/ o{g ft~u th d/fynk ikdk j?. ;?w{nb pkoB; B/ fJ; ;zpzX ft~u
T[fus jh fbfynk j?, “iB okiBhfse db, ftyzfvs ;GktK d/ okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb ngfo;feqs ns/
T[dk;hB b'eK Bz{ ;w{fje feqnk d/ bJh ;zukfbs eoD dk fJ~e T[Zitb nkftPeko j?.” fJ;/ soK n?vtov
PhbI dk wzBDk fJj j? fe fJ~e dbh okiBhshnK ft~u sK okiBhfse swkPk nfXeKP ftneshnK d/ d[nkok
ftukfoe ;fjwsh d/ nkXko s/ jh ubkfJnk iKdk j?. t?;/ ftukoXkok nfXeso nfGiBK Bz{ jh gqGkfts eodh
j?. fJ;/ ekoD iB ;zukbB bJh th db dk jh ;jkok b?Dk g?Adk j?.

;G okiBhfse ;GktK ft~u wsdksktK dk fttjko ftt/eg{oD BjhA ofjzdk j?. wsdksktK dk t~vk Gkr ;"d/pkIh
gqfeqnk (bargaining process) ft~u ;feqn BjhA ofjzdk j?. wsdksktK t~b'A ftfGzB fjsK ft~u skbw/b fpmkUD
dk ezw okiBhfse db jh eod/ jB. Uj nkgD/ ;woEeK d/ fjsK dh nfXesw ;[o~fynk bJh j'o ;z;Ekrs
;zouBktK Bkb th ;"d/pkIh eod/ jB. fJj ;"d/pkIh nfXeso ;oeko d/ Bkb eoBh j[zdh j?. ;oeko ftfGzB wzrK
dk ;z;kXB eodh j? ns/ UBK Bz{ bkr{ eoD pko/ fBoD/ b?Adh j?. ;oeko d[nkok wzrK d/ ;z;kXB d/ ;w/A okiBhfse
db ;feqn ofjzd/ jB ns/ gfo;fEsh d/ nB[;ko b?D^d/D dh ;"d/pkIh eod/ jB.

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