Page 262 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^10L dbh ftt;Ek
okiBhfse dbK d/ ekoiK dk fJj ftt/uB ;gPN eodk j? fe okiBhfse dbK dk jo okiBhfse ftt;Ek BØN
ft~u e/Adoh ;EkB j[zdk j?. Uj ;G gqeko dhnK okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u wj~stg{oD ezw eod/ jB.
okiBhfse dbK s'A fpBK nkX[fBe okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh ebgBk eoBk efmB j?. T[dkotkdh gqiksKsfoe
;z;RktK ft~u okiBhfse db fBPfus o{g Bkb fBfjs j[zd/ jB. ns/ ;otkfXekoh Pk;BK ft~u dbK s/
fBoGosk ;G s'A fInkdk j[zdh j?. fiBK okiK ft~u db BjhA j[zd/, iK fJ~E'A s~e fe fJ~e wkso db th BjhA
j[zdk, Uj Io{o jh nB[dktkdh j[zd/ jB ns/ fejk ik ;edk j? fe Uj okiBhfse fdqPNh Bkb nfXe n;fEo
j[zd/ jB. nfij/ okiK ft~u okiBhfse db G{whrs (underground) ofjzd/ jB. ns/ ;hfws noEK ft~u
jh T[go'es ezw eod/ jB. okiBhfse db ftjhD okiBhfse ftt;EktK dh n;fEosk fJ; r~b dk gqwkD
j? fe okiBhfse ;wkiK ft~u dbK dhnK G{fwektK nsfnkfXe wj~st dhnK j[zdhnK jB. fJ; bJh, nkX[fBe
okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u okiBhfse db nkX[fBesk dk d{ik BK wzB/ ik ;ed/ jB. e'Jh th oki okiBhfse
dbK d/ nGkt ft~u nkX[fBesk d/ o;s/ s/ s/Ih Bkb n~r/ BjhA tX ;edk j?. fJ;/ ekoD i?gqekP BkokfJD
d[nkok gqshgkfds db ftjhD b'eszso dk ftuko f;XKsesk s'A n~r/ BjhA tX gkUAdk j?.

okiBhfse dbK d/ ekoiK Bz{ b? e/ ftdtkBK ft~u ftP/P wsG/d BjhA jB. w"fye fdqPNh Bkb ;G gqeko dhnK
db^gqDkbhnK ft~u okiBhfse dbK d/ ekoi fJ~e' fij/ j[zd/ jB. UBK ft~u wksok d/ nzso j[zd/ jB gqzs{ gqeko
d/ nzso BjhA j[zd/ . okiBhfse ftt;Ek dh gqfeqsh db gqDkbh d/ gqeko, ;wki dh ;w{j ftt;Ek ns/
okiBhfse gqfeqnk dh gqfeqsh Bkb fJBK d/ ezwKl ekoi eoD dhnK ftXhnK ns/ ekoi P?bh ft~u E'Vk nzso
Io{o nkUAdk j?, gqzs{ okiBhfse dbK d/ T[go'es ekoi jo ;wki ftt;Ek ft~u ;zgkfds j[zd/ jB. fJ;/ ekoD
nkX[fBe ;wkiK ft~u okiBhfse dbK dh fJ~e ‘;{yw okiBhfse ftt;Ek’ (a miniature political
system) iK ‘fJ~e fBoDk gqfeqnk’ (a decision making process) fejk iKdk j?.

;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H okiBhfse db ;oeko dhnK BhshnK dh nkgD/ ;woEeK ns/ nkw iBsk Bz{ ftnkfynk eodk j?
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ pko/ ft~u iBsk Bz{ ;wMkUAdk j?.
2H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u T[ZmD tkbhnK wzrK Bz{ ;oeko s~e gj[zukUAdk j?.
3H db ;~sk ft~u pD/ ofjD bJh iK ;~sk ft~u nkUD bJh HHHHHHH dh goy ft~u b~frnk ofjzdk j?.
4H okiBhfse db HHHHHHHHHH dh ;zgoe dh eVh j[zd/ jB.
5H okiBhfse db HHHHHHHHHHHH d/ nkX[fBeheoD ft~u wj~stg{oD G{fwek fBGkUAd/ jB.

10H3 ;ko nzP
10H3 ;ko nzP
10H3 ;ko nzP
10H3 ;ko nzP (Summary)
10H3 ;ko nzP
• db ftt;Ek dk n~ie~b ftnkge noE ft~u gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; ft~u dbK dh ;zfynk, ;zouBk,
ftukoXkok, UBK dk gko;gfoesk nkfd nB/eK b~SDK dk nkXko fbnk ikD b~rk j?.
• bk gkbzpkok B/ db ftt;Ek d/ gqeko dk fBoXkoD eod/ ;w/A okiBhfse dbK d/ fBwBfbfys b~SDK

dk ;zdoG Io{oh wzfBnk j?^
(1) okiBhfse db dhnK ftP/PsktK ns/ b~SD,
(2) dbK d/ nkg;h ;zpzX,

(3) db iK dbK dk ;wki d/ j'o ftq~sK Bkb ;zpzX, ns/
(4) dbK dh feqnkftnzpsk Bz{ gqGkfts eoD tkb/ s~s.
• db ftt;EktK Bz{ fJ; nkXko s/ torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?. bk g'bzpkok ns/ wkJh;B thBo B/ fJ;/
nkXko Bz{ b? e/ db ftt;EktK dhnK d' w'NhnK Pq/DhnK dk T[b/y ehsk j?. UBK d/ nB[;ko db ftt;EktK
Bz{ d' gqeko^ gqsh:'rh db ftt;EktK ns/ ngqsh:'rh db ftt;EktK^ft~u tzfvnk ik ;edk j?.

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