Page 266 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
11H1 dpkn ;w{j dk noE BØN
11H1 dpkn ;w{j dk noE
11H1 dpkn ;w{j dk noE
11H1 dpkn ;w{j dk noE
11H1 dpkn ;w{j dk noE (Meaning of Pressure Group)
;wki ft~u ftfGzB gqeko d/ fjs gkJ/ iKd/ jB, fit/A^wId{o, fe;kB, T[d:'rgsh, nfXnkge, tgkoh nkfd.
id'A e'Jh S'Nk iK t~vk fjs ;zrfms o{g XkoD eo b?Adk j? sK T[;Bz{ fjs^;w{j (Interest Group) fejk iKdk
j?. fJ; ;w{j dk T[d/P nkgD/ w?Apok d/ ftfGzB ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ tgkoe fjsK dh o~fynk eoBk j[zdk j?.
id'A e'Jh fjs^;w{j nkgD/ T[d/PK dh g{osh bJh ;oeko s'A wdd ukj[D brdk j? iK nkgD/ w?Apok d/ fjsK d/
nB[e{b d/ fBowkD ns/ ;zP'XB bJh ftXkfJeK Bz{ gqGkfts eoB brdk j? sK T[;Bz{ dpkn ;w{j (pressure
wkfJoB fpBo
wkfJoB fpBo
group) fejk iKdk j?. wkfJoB fpBowkfJoB fpBo
wkfJoB fpBo B/ dpkn ;w{j dh gfoGkPk fdzd/ j'J/ fbfynk j? fe dpkn^r[~N iK
fjs^;w{j s'A ;kvk wsbp nfij/ fe;/ fJ~fSs o[g Bkb ;zrfms ;w{j s'A j[zdk j? i' ;oeko ;zrmB s'A pkjo ofj
e/ ;oekoh nfXekohnK dh fB:[esh, ;oeko dh Bhsh, fJ;d/ gqPk;B ns/ fJ;d/ fBoD/ Bz{ gqGkfts eoB dh
1
e'fPP eodk j?. fJBK ;w{jK Bz{ dpkn ;w{j iK fjs^;w{j fJ; bJh fejk iKdk j? feUAfe fJBK dk fBowkD
ftP/P fjsK dh o~fynk bJh j[zdk j? ns/ fJj nkgD/ gqshfBXhnK d/ wkfXnw Bkb ftXkfJeK Bkb ;zgoe ;Ekfgs
eod/ jB ns/ UBK T[Zs/ fe;/ ftXkfJe ftP/P d/ g~y iK ftg~y s'A wsdkB bJh dpkn gkUAd/ jB.
ekoNo ns/ joi
ekoNo ns/ joi
ekoNo ns/ joi (Carter and Herz) B/ th fjs ns/ dpkn ;w{j pko/ fbfynk j? fe “fJ~e ;[szso ;wki
ekoNo ns/ joi
ekoNo ns/ joi
d/ fjs ;w{jK Bz{ ;[szso o{g Bkb ;zrfms j'D dh nkfrnk j[zdh j? ns/ id'A fJj ;w{j ;oekoh :zso ns/
gqfeqnk T[Zs/ gqGkt gkUD dh e'fPP eod/ jB ns/ fJ; soK ekBz{BK, fB:wK, bkJh;?A;, eoko'gD ns/ j'o
ftXkfBe ns/ gqPk;fBe ezwK Bz{ nkgD/ nB[e{b YkbD dh e'fPP eod/ jB, sK ;gPN jh fJj fjs (Interest)
dpkn ;w{j (Pressure Groups) ft~u pdb iKd/ jB. j[D fjs ;w{jK dhnK rshftXhnK ;oeko T[Zs/
Uvhrkov
Uvhrkov (Odegard) B/ th fbfynk j?, “fJ~e dpkn ;w{j nfij/
dpkn gkUD dhnK j' iKdhnK jB.@ UvhrkovUvhrkov
Uvhrkov
b'eK dk n"gukfoe ;zrmB j? fiBK d/ fJ~e iK ;wkB T[d/P ns/ ;tkoE j'D ns/ i' xNBktK d/ eqw Bz{ ftP/
P o{g Bkb ;kotifBe Bhsh d/ fBowkD ns/ Pk;B Bz{ fJ; bJh gqGkfts eoB dk fXnkB eoD sK fe UBK
d/ fjsK dh o~fynk ns/ tkXk j' ;e/.@

B'N; fJ; soK fjs^;w{j ;wki ft~u gkJ/ ikD tkb/ ftP/P fjsK d/ ;zrmB j[zd/ jB i' nkgD/
T[d/PK dh g{osh bJh ;oeko T[Zs/ nfijh fe;/ th Bhsh Bz{ ngBkUD bJh dpkn gKUAd/
jB i' UBK d/ fjsK d/ gqshe{b j't/ ns/ nkgD/ fjsK dh g{osh bJh nypkoK, gofunK,
o/vhU, ftneshrs ;zgoe ns/ j'o wkfXnwK d[nko ;oeko T[Zs/ dpkn gkUAd/ jB fi;
ekoD UBk Bz{ dpkn ;w{j fejk iKdk j?.

fjs iK dpkn ;w{j fJ~fSs (voluntary) ns/ r?o^okiBhfse (non-political) ;zrmB j[zd/ jB. fJBK dh
;d~;sk dk nkXko fJBK d/ w?ApoK d/ ft~u ;wkB fjs dh u/sBk ns/ ;wkB fjs d/ tkX/ bJh e'fPP j[zdh j?. fJBK
dk ;zpzX fe;/ okiBhfse db Bkb gqs~y o{g ft~u BjhA j[zdk ns/ Bk jh fJj fe;/ okiBhfse db d/ nzr j[zd/ jB.
gqzs{ fJj nkgD/ fjsK Bz{ d/yd/ j'J/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ okiBhfse db Bkb nkgDk ;zpzX Io{o ;Ekfgs eo b?Ad/ jB.
dpkn ;w{j okiBhfse db dh soK fe;/ gq'rokw d/ nkXko s/ fBotkueK Bz{ gqGkfts BjhA eod/ pbfe Uj e[M
ftP/P w;fbnK ft~u o{uh b?Ad/ jB. UBK d/ ;zrmB dk w"fbe ekoD ;wkfie, nkofEe iK tgkoe j[zdk j?,
okiBhfse BjhA. fco th okiBhsh Bz{ gqGkfts eoD dk T[d/P UBk ft~u okiBhfse g[N fbnk fdzdk j?. noEks
dpkn ;w{j g{oh soK okiBhfse BjhA j[zd/ ns/ Bk jh Uj u'DK bJh nkgD/ T[whdtko yV/ eod/ jB. okiBhfse
db Bk j[zd/ j'J/ th Uj dbK dh soK ;zrfms j[zd/ jB fiBK dh fBih ;d~f;nsk, T[d/P, ;zrmB, J/esk, ;kXB
ns/ gqfsPmk j[zd/ jB. gqfeqsh T[d/P ns/ ;zrmB dh fdqPNh Bkb okiBhfse dbK s'A Uj w"fbe o[g Bkb fGzB
j[zd/ jB. okiBhfse db ft~u ;ko/ ftneshnK dk okiBhfse T[d/P BjhA j[zdk.

okiBhfse db Bz{ ;ko/ torK d/ wsdksktK dk ftnkge ;woEB gqkgs j[zdk j? id'A fe dpkn ;w{j Bz{ e/
tb fJ~e jh tor dk. okiBhfse db fBotkuB ft~u Gkr b?Ad/ jB id'A fe fjs^;w{j fBotkuB ft~u Gkr
BjhA b?Ad/. okiBhfse db ftXkB wzvb d/ nzdo ns/ pkjo d'jK EktK s/ ezw eod/ jB id'A fe dpkn ;w{j

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