Page 268 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
fJekJh^11L dpkn ;w{j
gkfJnk frnk j?. eJh tko nfij/ wkwfbnK dk ;z;d ns/ ftXkB ;GktK iK UBk d/ pkjo godkckP th BØN
j'fJnk j?.
dpkn^;w{j Bz{ fGqPNkuko dk n~vk fejk ikdk j?. Uj rbs Yzr Bkb gqGkt gkUD dk sohek ngDkUAd/
jB. fJ; d/ bJh Uj ftPkb XB^okPh you eod/ jB, foPts fdzd/ jB, ftXkfJeK Bz{ soK soK d/ bkbu
fdzd/ jB. nwohek d/ fjs^;w{jK d/ pko/ fbyd/ j'J/ gq'H thH UH ehgq'H thH UH eh
gq'H thH UH eh
gq'H thH UH eh (V.O. Key) B/ fejk j? fe “fJj
gq'H thH UH eh
fjs^;w{j ftXkfJeK bJh uzrhnK uzrhnK dktsK dk nk:'iB eod/ jB, UBK bJh BPhbh t;sK w[j~Jhnk
eokUAd/ jB. fJjh BjhA, Uj ftXkfJeK d/ bJh d[okukoh n"osK dk th gqpzX th eod/ jB, fiBK Bz{ b"ph
t~b'A t/sB fwbdk j?.@ fJ;/ ekoD nwohek ft~u fJj wfj;{; ehsk ikD b~rk j? fe dpkn^;w{jK B/ T[ZE/
okiBkfse nB?fsesk, fGqPNkuko ns/ j'o gqeko dhnK nfB:fwssktK Bz{ tXktk fd~sk j?. Gkos ft~u th
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK p[okJhnK ;gPN j'D b~rhnK jB. d/P ft~u fInkdkso jVskbK ns/ gqdoPB fJBK
d[nkok jh nk:'fis ehs/ iKd/ jB, fJj ;z;d d/ w?ApoK Bz{ nB?fse Yzr Bkb gqGkfts eod/ j'J/ gkJ/ rJ/
jB. fco th dpkn^;w{j nkX[fBe b'eszso d/ ;[Gkfte nzr pD u[e/ jB.
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK ftP/PsktK
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK ftP/PsktK
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK ftP/PsktK (Characteristics of Pressure Groups)
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK ftP/PsktK
dpkn^;w{jK dhnK ftP/PsktK
dpkn^;w{j nkgDh gqfeqsh s'A fjs^;w{jK dh soK Bk sK g{oh soK nokiBhfse j[zd/ jB ns/ Bk jh dbK
dh soK g{oh soK okiBhfse j[zd/ jB. dpkn^;w{jK d/ e[M ftP/P b~SD j[zd/ jB i' fJBK Bz{ j'o ;zrmBK s'A
nb~r eod/ jB. ;zy/g ft~u fJj b~SD fBwBfbfys jB^
n"gukfoe ;zrmB
n"gukfoe ;zrmB
n"gukfoe ;zrmB
(1) n"gukfoe ;zrmBn"gukfoe ;zrmB^n"gukfoe o{g Bkb ;zrfms ftnesh^;w{jK Bz{ dpkn^;w{j fejk iKdk j?. ft-
neshnK d/ fe;/ th ;w{j Bz{ dpkn^;w{j BjhA fejk ik ;edk, feUAfe nfij/ ;zrmB dk n"gukfoe j'Dk
Io{oh j?. d{i/ PpdK ft~u ;w{j d/ fjsK dh gqkgsh bJh n"gukfoe Yzr Bkb fBotkfus iK wB'Bhs
ftneshnK dh ftt;Ek fJ; ft~u j't/. fJ; bJh dpkn^;w{j d/ nkgD/ fB:w, ;d~;sk P[be, ;fwsh
ns/ ekoiekfoDh j[zdh j?. fJ;dk ezw okiBhfse gqfeqnk Bz{ nkgD/ fjsK dh g{osh bJh ftP/P o{g Bkb
gqGkfts eoD dk j?. fJ; bJh dpkn^;w{j dk gfjbk b~SD fJ; dk n"gukfoe ;zrmB j?.
ftfPPN ;t?fjs^dpkn
ftfPPN ;t?fjs^dpkn
ftfPPN ;t?fjs^dpkn
(2) ftfPPN ;t?fjs^dpknftfPPN ;t?fjs^dpkn^;w{jK d/ fBowkD dk w[~y nkXko ftfPPN fjsK dh gqkgsh j[zdk j?. ftP/P o{g
Bkb g/P/to ;w{j nkw fjs dk jh b~SD o~yd/ jB. go nfijk d/fynk iKdk j? fe T[d/PK ns/ ;t?^fjsK
dh fBPfussk jh ftneshnK Bz{ dpkn^;w{j ft~u wip{o eodh j?. id'A s~e ftneshnK d/ ;kjwD/
;gPN, fBPfus fjs BjhA j'Dr/, T[d'A s~e fe;/ th dpkn^;w{j dk fBowkD BjhA j' ;edk.
;ot^ftnkgh gqfeqsh
;ot^ftnkgh gqfeqsh
;ot^ftnkgh gqfeqsh^jo soK dhnK okiBhfse ftt;EktK ft~u dpkn^;w{jK Bz{ t/fynk ik ;edk j?.
(3) ;ot^ftnkgh gqfeqsh;ot^ftnkgh gqfeqsh
;ot;~sktkdh ftt;EktK ft~u th fJj gkJ/ iKd/ jB. b'eszso ft~u fJj wj~stg{oD G{fwek ndk eod/
jB. ;kwtkdh ftt;EktK ft~u th fJBK dk n;fs~st gkfJnk iKdk j?. jkbKfe UBK dhnK rshftXhnK
pj[s r[gs j[zdhnK jB. okiBhfse db u'DK d/ ;w/A jh ;feqn fdykJh fdzd/ jB. fJ; bJh d' u'DK d/ ft~u
dh ntXh ft~u fJj ;w{j ;oeko ns/ iBsk d/ nB[;ko e/tb fJj s~E fe dpkn^;w{j ;kwtkdh okiK
ft~u th j[zd/ jB, fJBK dh ;ot^ftnkgesk dk gqwkD j?.
fJ~fSs ;d~;sk
fJ~fSs ;d~;sk
(4) fJ~fSs ;d~;skfJ~fSs ;d~;sk^dpkn^;w{j feUAfe ftP/P fjsK dh gqkgsh bJh ;zrfms ehs/ iKd/ jB, fJ; bJh Ujh
fJ~fSs ;d~;sk
ftnesh fJBK d/ w?Apo pDd/ jB, fiBK d/ fjsK dh g{osh fJBK d[nkok j[zdh j?. cb;o[gL dpkn^;w{j
dk w?Apo pDB bJh fe;/ Bz{ wip{o BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. fJ~e ftnesh id'A ukj/, fe;/ dpkn^;w{j s'A
fsnkr g~so d/ ;edk j?. fJ;/ ftP/Psk d/ ekoD dpkn^;w{j gqshd_zdh okiBhsh d/ nkXko s/ ;szG pDkJ/
iKd/ jB ns/ okiBhsh ft~u nkw iBsk dh Gkrhdkoh tX ikdh j?.
okiBhfse feqnk T[Bw[y
okiBhfse feqnk T[Bw[y
(5) okiBhfse feqnk T[Bw[yokiBhfse feqnk T[Bw[y
okiBhfse feqnk T[Bw[y^dpkn^;w{j nkgD/ nkg ft~u okiBhfse ;zrmB BjhA j[zd/, pbfe yk; gqPB
T[Zs/ okiBhfse feqnk Bz{ gqGkfts eoD dh e'fPP eod/ jB. Uj Bk sK u'DK ft~u T[whdtko yVk eod/ jB
ns/ Bk jh okiBhfse ;zrmB pDkUAd/ jB. d{i/ PpdK ft~u Pk;B s'A pkjo ofj e/ nkgD/ fjsK d/ nB[e{b
;oeko Bz{ gqGkfts eod/ jB.
nfBPfus ekoiekb
nfBPfus ekoiekb
(6) nfBPfus ekoiekbnfBPfus ekoiekb^dpkn^;w{j ;EkJh BjhA j[zd/. fJ; bJh fJj pDd/^ftrVd/ ofjzd/ jB.
nfBPfus ekoiekb
fjs^g{osh s'A pknd fJj ysw j' iKd/ jB. gqzs{ e[M g/P/to dpkn^;w{j ;EkJh o{g Bkb pD/ ofjzd/ jB.
okPNoh ;so T[Zs/ ftfGzB d/PK ft~u Nq/v :{BhnB fJ; dk T[dkjoD j?/. go fInkdkso ;w{j fjs^gqkgsh
s'A pknd ysw j' iKd/ jB.

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