Page 273 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
BØN ;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H dpkn ;w{jK dk T[d/P e/tb fBih bkG bJh j[zdk j?, id'A fe HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ T[d/P dk ;zpzX g{o/
;wki bJh j[zdk j?.
2H fJ~e jh ;w/A ft~u e'Jh ftnesh nB/eK okiBhfse dbK dk w?Apo BjhA pD ;edk, id'A fe e'Jh
ftnesh fJ~e jh ;w/A ft~u fJ~e s'A nfXe HHHHHHHHHdk w?Apo pD ;edk j?.
3H u'DK Bkb f;~Xk ;zpzX HHHHHHHHHHH dk j[zdk j?.
4H dpkn ;w{jK dk wj~st Pk;B d/ bJh ;{uBktK fJ~emhnK eoD tkb/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ o{g ft~u th j?.
5H dpkn ;w{j HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u ;zs[bB ;Ekfgs eoD tkb/ ;zrmB d/ o{g ft~u th ezw eod/ jB.
11H4 ;ko nzP (Summary)
11H4 ;ko nzP
11H4 ;ko nzP
11H4 ;ko nzP
11H4 ;ko nzP
• ;wki ft~u ftfGzB gqeko d/ fjs gkJ/ iKd/ jB, fit/A^wId{o, fe;kB, T[d:'rgsh, nfXnkge, tgkoh
nkfd. id'A e'Jh S'Nk iK t~vk fjs ;zrfms o{g XkoD eo b?Adk j? sK T[;Bz{ fjs^;w{j (Interest Group)
fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ;w{j dk T[d/P nkgD/ w?Apok d/ ftfGzB ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ tgkoe fjsK dh
o~fynk eoBk j[zdk j?. id'A e'Jh fjs^;w{j nkgD/ T[d/PK dh g{osh bJh ;oeko s'A wdd ukj[D brdk j?
iK nkgD/ w?Apok d/ fjsK d/ nB[e{b d/ fBowkD ns/ ;zP'XB bJh ftXkfJeK Bz{ gqGkfts eoB brdk j? sK
T[;Bz{ dpkn ;w{j (pressure group) fejk iKdk j?.
• fjs iK dpkn ;w{j fJ~fSs (voluntary) ns/ r?o^okiBhfse (non-political) ;zrmB j[zd/ jB. fJBK
dh ;d~;sk dk nkXko fJBK d/ w?Apok d/ ft~u ;wkB fjs dh u/sBk ns/ ;wkB fjs d/ tkX/ bJh e'fPP j[zdh
j?. fJBK dk ;zpzX fe;/ okiBhfse db Bkb gqs~y o{g ft~u BjhA j[zdk ns/ Bk jh fJj fe;/ okiBhfse db
d/ nzr j[zd/ jB. gqzs{ fJj nkgD/ fjsK Bz{ d/yd/ j'J/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ okiBhfse db Bkb nkgDk ;zpzX Io{o
;Ekfgs eo b?Ad/ jB. dpkn ;w{j okiBhfse db dh soK fe;/ gq'rokw d/ nkXko s/ fBotkueK Bz{
gqGkfts BjhA eod/ pbfe Uj e[M ftP/P w;fbnK ft~u o{uh b?Ad/ jB.
• okiBhfse ftt;Ek ft~u okiBhfse dbK d/ Bkb ;G s'A rfjok ;zpzX dpkn^;w{jK dk j[zdk j?. d't/A fJ~e
d{i/ s/ fJzB/ fBoGo jB fe nkgD/ T[d/PK dh g{osh bJh d'jK Bz{ fJ~e^d{i/ dk ;fj:'rh j' e/ ezw eoBk g?Adk
j?. go fJ;dk noE fJj BjhA fe d't/A fJ~e^d{i/ s'A fpBK ezw BjhA eo ;ed/. gfo;fEshnK d/ ekoD ed/
^ed/ d'jK ft~u ;fj:'r ns/ ed/^ed/ fto'X th d/fynk iKdk j?/.
• T[d/P ;zpzXh gfjbk nzso dpkn^;w{jK ns/ okiBhfse dbK ft~u gkfJnk iKdk j?. dpkn^;w{j d/ T[d/P
ftfPPN ;gPN ns/ e/tb fBih bkG bJh j[zd/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ okiBhfse dbK d/ T[d/P ;kXkoD j[zd/ jB,
fiBk dk ;zpzX g{o/ ;wki Bkb j[zdk j?.
• ekoi^y/so ;zpzXh d{ik nzso th fJBK d'jK ft~u gkfJnk iKdk j?. dpkn^;w{jK dk ekoi y/so ftfPPN
ns/ ;w[fus j[zdk j?, id'A fe okiBhfse dbK dk ;kXkoD ns/ ftnkge. dpkn^;w{j dk ;zpzX wkBth
ihtB d/ fe;/ yk; gfjb{ Bkb jh j[zdk j? id'A fe okiBhfse dbK dk ;zpzX wkBth ihtB dhnK ;zg{oD
rshftXhnK Bkb j[zdk j?.
• dpkn^;w{j nkg okiBhfse gqfeqnk d/ nzr BjhA j[zd/. gqzs{ db fJ;/ gqfeqnk d/ nB[;ko nfXeko gqkgs eoD dh
e'fPP eod/ jB. Uj e/tb fBoDk gqfeqnk Bz{ gqGkfts eod/ jB. dbK dh soK ;t?^fBoDkfJe BjhA pDd/.
• ;zrmB Bz{ b? e/ th dpkn^;w{j ns/ okiBhfse dbK ft~u nzso j?. okiBhfse db okPNoftnkgh j[zd/
jB. go pj[s x~N dpkn^;w{jK dk ;o{g okPNoftnkgh j[zdk j?.d{i/ gk;/ e[M dpkn^;w{j okiBhfse
dbK s'A th nfXe ftnkge ;zrmB tkb/ j[zd/ jB id'A fe e[M okiBhfse db y/soh iK ;EkfBe ;so s~e
jh ;hfws ofjzd/ jB.
• nkX[fBe okiBhfse gqfeqnk ft~u dpkn ;w{jK dh ftP/P G{fwek ns/ wj~st j?.nkw s"o s/ ;ko/
gqiksKfsqe d/PK ft~u dpkn ;w{j gkJ/ iKd/ jB.
• gqzs{ fJ~e nfijk ;wK th ;h, id'A fJBK dpkn ;w{jK Bz{ nB?fse wzfBnk ikdk ;h ns/ UBK Bz{ fxqDk dh
fdqPNh Bkb d/fynk iKdk ;h.

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