Page 277 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN wfj;{; ehsk fe GkoshnK d/ ;fj:'r s'A fpBK ;oeko ubkUDk n;zGt j?. fJ; bJh Gkosh gfoPd
nfXfB:w 1861 d/ d[nkok rtoBo iBob ns/ rtoBoK dhnK gfoPdK ft~u GkoshnK Bz{ ;EkB fd~sk
frnk. d[pkok 1892 JhH ft~u Gkosh gfoPd nfXfB:w d[nkok GkoshnK dh ;zfynk ft~u tkXk ehsk frnk
ns/ go'y fBotkuB gqDkbh dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh. wkob/ fwzN' ;[Xko, 1909 JhH d/ d[nkok GkoshnK d/
gqshfBfX~st Bz{ tXk fd~sk frnk ns/ w[;bwkBK d/ bJh nb~r fBotkuB dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh. wKN/frT{^u/
w;c'ov ;[Xko, 1919 fJ; fdPk ft~u fJ~e gqw[~y edw ;h. fJ; dk T[d/P T[ZsodkJh Pk;B dh ;EkgBk
eoBk ;h. Pk;B d/ j;sKsfos (Transfered) Gkr Bz{ gqshfBXhnK d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh wzsohnK d/ j~E ft~u
;"Ag fd~sk frnk. fJ; nfXfB:w dh fJ~e gqw[~y ftP/Psk fJj ;h fe ;zgodkfJe ns/ torh fjsK d/
gqshfBfX~st T[Zs/ nfXe pb fd~sk frnk.1935 JhH d/ Gkos ;oeko nfXfB:w B/ gqshfBfXe ;z;EktK dh
iV Bz{ g{ok wip{s eo fd~sk. fBotkfus gqshfBXhnK dh ;zfynk pj[s tXk fd~sh rJh.gqKsK ft~u fBotkfus
gqshfBXhnK d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh wzsohwzvb tkbhnK ;oekoK dh ;EkgBk j'Jh. fJj gfjbk w"ek ;h, id'A
Gkos ft~u ftqjs o{g Bkb u"DK j'JhnK, ns/ ;G s'A t~v/ db eKro; B/ fJ; ft~u ;feqn Gkr fbnk. nzs
ft~u, ;[szso Gkos d/ ;zftXkB d/ fBowkD j/s{ ;zftXkB ;Gk (Constituent Assembly) dk rmB j'fJnk.
fJ; d/ gqshfBXhnK dk u[Bkt ngqs~y ohsh Bkb j'fJnk ;h. fco th fJ; ;Gk ft~u ;ko/ torK, ikshnK,
okiBhfse dbK ns/ fjsK Bz{ g{ok gqshfBfX~st gqkgs ;h. ;[szsosk gqkgsh s'A gfjbK s~e, gqshfBfX~st ns/
fBotkuB dh ftP/Psk ;h fe Uj ;hfws ;B ns/ gqshfBXhnK d/ u[Bkt dk nkXko pkbr wskfXeko BjhA
;h ns/ u[Bkt dk nkXko ;zgodkfJe ns/ torh gqshfBfX~st ;h. gqzs{ ;[szso Gkos ft~u fBotkuB Bz{ g{oD
gqiksKsfoe pDk fd~sk frnk j?. fJ; dk nkXko n;hfws pkbr wskfXeko j?. gqshfBXhnK Bz{ ftP/P;EkB
ns/ nfXeko gqkgs j? ns/ gqshfBfXe ;z;EktK Bz{ w[~y s"o s/ ftXhfBowkD ns/ efsg: j'o y/soK ft~u th
Io{oh nfXeko fd~s/ rJ/ jB.

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' Gkos ft~u gqshfBfXnkswe gqDkbh d/ ftek; dh ejkDh fpqfNP Pk;B dh
;EkgBk s'A nkozG j[zdh j?.

gqshfBfX~st d/ f;XKs (Theories of Representation): gqshfBfX~st d/ ;zpzX ft~u d' gqshcb f;XKsK
gqshfBfX~st d/ f;XKs
gqshfBfX~st d/ f;XKs
gqshfBfX~st d/ f;XKs
gqshfBfX~st d/ f;XKs
dk gqshgkdB ehsk frnk j?^ nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st ns/ nkd/P gqshfBfX~st.
nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st (Instructed Representation): nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st dk noE j? fe gqshfBfX~st
nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st
nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st
nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st
nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st
fBotkueK d/ nXhB j?. T[;dh fBih fJ~Sk e[M BjhA j?. Uj fBotkueK dh fJ~Sk dh nfGftnesh eodk
j?. fJj fe;/ gqeko dk ;zP'XB fBotkueK dh nkfrnk Bkb fbnk ;edk j?. gqshfBXh dk fJj o{g n~i g[okDk
g? frnk j/. fco th e[M nfij/ gqshfBXh j[zd/ jB i' wkfbe dh fJ~Sk d/ nzsors jh e[M eo ;ed/ jB
fit/A ftd/PK ft~u okid{s, nzsookPNoh ;zw/bBK ft~u ftfGzB okPNoK d/ gqshfBXh^gqshfBfX~st d/ fJ;
f;XKs Bz{ nwkBth mfjokfJnk frnk j?, feUAfe gqshfBXhnK Bz{ Bk sK ftt/eg{oD nkd/P jh T[gbpX j[zd/
jB ns/ Bk jh fBotkueK dh tk;fte fJ~Sk dk gsk jh nk;kBh Bkb brkUDk ;zGt j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk
ftXh fBowkD d/ ezw n~i J/B/ g/uhdk, efmB ns/ ftqjd j' rJ/ jB fe e'Jh gqshfBXh jo edw s/ fBotkueK
d[nkok fBod/fPs BjhA j' ;edk j?. d[orsh Bkb gfotko ft~u j'D tkbhnK xNBktK ns/ ;w~f;nktK d/ ekoD
gqfs~frnktK T[Zs/ nNb ofjDk fe;/ th gqshfBXh d/ bJh ;zGt BjhA j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk toswkB fBotkuB
gqDkbh d/ nzsors nkfdPN gqshfBfX~st dk f;XKs fttjkfoe BjhA fdydk. nkX[fBe :[r ft~u u[Bkt dk
nkXko g~Xsh j?. wsdksk fe;/ gqshfBXh^ftP/P Bz{ BjhA pbfe okiBhfse dbK Bz{ ws fdzd/ jB. db
nkgDhnK BhshnK Bz{ wsdksktK d/ ;kjwD/ o~yd/ jB. i/s{ db nkgDh BhshnK Bz{ ekoftzs eodk j?, Bk fe
wsdksktK dhnK BhshnK Bz{. wsdksktK dh e'Jh fJ~e Bhsh j't/ sK th j?. fco gqshfBXhrD dbh ;zrmB
d/ nzsors u[Dkt bV ;ed/ jB ns/ dbh BhshnK Bz{ bkr{ eoD dh gqfs~frnk eod/ jB. fJj fe;/ th
gqshfBXh dh Pesh d/ pkjo dh r~b j? fe Uj fe;/ db dh Bhsh Bz{ ftneshrs o{g Bkb bkr{ eo/. fJ;
bJh fJj fttjkfoe BjhA brdk fe e'Jh gqshfBXh fBotkueK d/ nzsors jh nkgD/ ekoiy/so Bz{ ;hfws

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