Page 280 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
u'DK dk d[okuoD
(vii) u'DK dk d[okuoD u'DK dk d[okuoD (Election Malpractices): fBotkuB d/ bJh fBnKg{oD nkuoD ns/ fB:wK BØN
u'DK dk d[okuoD
u'DK dk d[okuoD
dk gkbD Io{oh j?. i' T[whdtko u[Bkt ft~u fJBK fB:wK Bz{ Gzr eodk j?, T[; Bz{ n:'r x'fPs eo fd~sk
iKdk j?. u'DK d[okuoD dk fBoXkoD fJ~e ;[szso fBnkbk eodk j?.
Xow
Xow
Xow
(viii) Xow Xow (Religion): eJh d/PK ft~u Xow Bz{ th gqshfBXh dh :'rsk wzfBnk frnk j?. fJzrb?Av ft~u
;Ekfgs froikxo d/ nfXekoh, wzsoh ns/ o'wB e?E'fbe uou d/ gkdoh b'e;Gk d/ w?Apo BjhA j' ;ed/
ns/ gkfe;skB ft~u fJ~e w[;bwkB jh okPNogsh j' ;edk j?.
nB[Gt
(ix) nB[Gt nB[Gt (Experience): bk;eh dk efjDk ;h fe e/tb nB[Gth ftnesh Bz{ jh ftt;Ekfgek d/ u[Bkt
nB[Gt
nB[Gt
ft~u yV/ j'D dh nB[wsh fwbDh ukjhdh j?. fe;/ th gqshfBXh Bz{ ;EkfBe ;z;EktK ft~u ezw eoD dk x~N
s'A x~N fszB ;kb dk nB[Gt Io{o j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

Nk;e Gkosh ;zftXkB ft~u b'e ;Gk ns/ oki ;Gk d/ gqshfBXhnK dh fBT{Bsw T[wo eh
fBoXkfos ehsh rJh j?<

gqshfBXhnK d/ ftP/PkfXeko (Privileges of the Representatives): jo d/P ft~u T[ZE'A d/
gqshfBXhnK d/ ftP/PkfXeko
gqshfBXhnK d/ ftP/PkfXeko
gqshfBXhnK d/ ftP/PkfXeko
gqshfBXhnK d/ ftP/PkfXeko
gqshfBXhnK Bz{ e[M ftP/PkfXeko gqkgs ofjzd/ jB. UBK Bz{ ;zftXkB d/ gqsh PoXk ns/ fBPmk o~yD dh ns/
eos~t dk PoXkg{ote gkbD eoD dh PgE b?Dh g?Adh j?. UBK Bz{ ftXkB ;Gk ns/ T[;d/ pkjo ftuko
nfGftnesh dh g{oD ;[szsosk ofjzdh j?. GkPD d/D d/ fto[~X UBK T[Zs/ e'Jh ekotkJh BjhA ehsh ik
;edh. ;dB d/ nfXt/PB d/ ;w/A ft~u nkw s"o s/ UBK Bz{ frocsko BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. gqshfBXhnK
Bz{ fB:fws o{g Bkb ;kbkBk iK wkf;e t/sB ns/ j'o G~s/ fwbd/ jB.
gqshfBXhnK d/ eos~t
gqshfBXhnK d/ eos~t (Duties of the Representatives): nkX[fBe ekb d/ gqshfBXh ;zg{oD okPNo
gqshfBXhnK d/ eos~t
gqshfBXhnK d/ eos~t
gqshfBXhnK d/ eos~t
dk gqshfBfX~st eod/ jB.Uj fe;/ db, iksh, tor iK ;w{j dk gqshfBXh BjhA j[zdk j?. ukj/ Uj fe;/
iksh, ;w{j, y/so iK tor d/ ;woEB Bkb u[fDnk iKdk j?, fco th u[D/ ikD s'A pknd Uj g{o/ okPNo
dk gqshfBXh pD iKdk j?. T[j ;ze[fus fjs dk BjhA, pbfe ;zg{oD oki dk gqshfBXh j? ns/ oki^ekoi
jh T[;dk eos~t j/. Uj nkgD/ fBotkueK d/ nkd/PK Bkb pzfBnk j'fJnk BjhA j? ns/ Bk jh nkgD/ ezwK
d/ bJh Uj fBotkueK d/ gqsh T[ZsodkJh jh j?. “gqshfBXh nkgD/ ftt/e Bkb ezw eodk j?. Uj nkgD/
fBotkueK dh wB'ftqsh Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~ydk j?.go fJ; dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe jo tko d/ bJh UBk dh
;fjwsh b?Adk j?, pbfe Uj nkgD/ ezw d/ ftP/ ft~u g{oh soK ;[szso j?. n;b ft~uL gqshfBXhnK Bz{ nkgD/
ftt/e d/ nB[;ko jh ezw eoBk ukjhdk j?.@ fJ; ;zpzX ft~u pb{zPbh B/ fejk j? fe gqshfBXh Uj j? i' nkgD/
ftXkfBe nfXekoK dh ;hwk ft~u b'eK d/ pdb/ nkgDh ;[szso fBoDk Pesh d/ nB[;ko ezw eoD bJh
fBotkfus ehsk frnk j?. T[; Bz{ ezw ns/ fBoD/ dh g{oh ;[szsosk j'Dh ukjhdh j?. i/eo e'Jh gqshfBXh
nkgD/ ftt/e ns/ ftuko Pesh Bkb ezw Bk eoe/ e/tb fBotkueK dh ;fjwsh Bkb ezw eodk j? sK Uj
tk;st ft~u gqshfBXh BjhA j?. b'efjs d/ bJh T[; Bz{ ftt/e s'A ezw b?Dk ukjhdk j?.

12H2 ;fjGkfrsk ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
12H2 ;fjGkfrsk ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
12H2 ;fjGkfrsk ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
12H2 ;fjGkfrsk ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek (Participation and Election
12H2 ;fjGkfrsk ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
System)
okiBhfse ;fjGkfrsk (Political Participation): okiBhfse ;fjGkfrsk Uj rshftXh j? fi;d/ nzsors
fe;/ d/P d/ Bkrfoe ;kotifBe BhshnK (Public Policies) ns/ fBofDnK (Decisions) d/ fBowkD,
fBo{gD ns/ ekoi dh gqfeqnk ft~u Gkr b?Ad/ jB. d{i/ PpdK ft~u, fJj iB^;kXkoD ns/ okiB/sktK d/
ftueko ;zgoe dh gqfeqnk j?.

shih d[BhnK d/ d/PK ft~u iB^;kXkoD ns/ okiB/sktK d/ ;zgoe dk w[~y gqshwkB *;/tkoEhtkd* (Clien-
telism) d/ o{g ft~u ftnes ehsk ik ;edk j?.fJ; wkBsk d/ nB[;ko, ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u B/sktK

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