Page 282 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
oDBhsh (Strategy) ngDkJh rJh. eJh r?o^;kwtkdh d/PK ft~u fit/A Gkos, ;qhbzek ns/ sBIkBhnk ft~u BØN
th e[M ;kwtkdh T[d/PK dh g{osh bJh iBrshPhbB dh gqfeqnk ngBkUD dk gq:sB ehsk frnk.
fJ~Xo pqkIhb, skJhtkB, d~yDh e'ohnk ns/ fJzv'B/Phnk fij/ ftek;Phb d/PK ft~u ;~sktkdh Pk;eK
(Authoritarian Rulers) B/ nkgD/ nkgD/ d/P ft~u T[d:'freheoD ns/ nkX[fBeheoD Bz{ tXktk d/D bJh
b'eK Bz{ okiBhfse ;fjGkfrsk s'A d{o o~fynk sK fe T[~E/ pj[okPNoh fBrwK (Multinational Corpora-
tions) Bz{ okiBhfse ;fEosk dk tksktoD ns/ nB[Pkf;s ns/ ;;sh wId{o Pesh T[gbpX j' ;e/. gqzs{
d~yDh e'ohnk ns/ skJhtkB fit/A jh ftek;Phb d/PK d/ ;so s'A T[Zu/ T[m e/ ftef;s d/PK dh Pq/Dh ft~u
nkJ/, T[ZE/ okiBhfse ;fjGkfrsk dh wzr fco s'A pbtsh j' rJh.

B'N; rkoBo d/ PpdK ft~u, wsdkB dk nkX[fBe fdqPNhe'D fJj j? fe fJj fJ~e gd iK ezw j?,
i' oki d[nkok nfij/ b'eK Bz{ gqdkB ehsk ikdk j?, i' ;kotifBe fjs d/ bJh ;otkfXe
:'rsk d/ Bkb gq:[es eoD :'r ;wM/ iKd/ jB ns/ fJj gqkfeqfse nfXeko BjhA j? i' G/
d Gkt s'A fpBK ;ko/ BkrfoeK Bz{ gqkgs j't/.

fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek (Election System)
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
gqs~y ns/ ngqs~y fBotkuB
gqs~y ns/ ngqs~y fBotkuB
gqs~y ns/ ngqs~y fBotkuB (Direct and Indirect election)LL LL L nkw s"o s/ fBotkuB d/ d' o{g jB^
gqs~y ns/ ngqs~y fBotkuB
gqs~y ns/ ngqs~y fBotkuB
(i) gqs~y fBotkuB (Direct Election), ns/
(ii) ngqs~y ik go'y fBotkuB (Indirect Election)
gqs~y fBotkuB T[; Bz{ efjzd/ jB fi~E/ wsdksk nkgD/ gqshfBXhnK Bz{ nkg fBotkfus eod/ jB. Uj
gqshfBXhnK d/ u[Bkt ft~u nkg ws fdzd/ jB. fJ; d/ ftgohs ngqs~y gqDkbh ft~u wsdksk gqshfBXhnK
d/ u[Bkt ft~u nkg Gkr BjhA b?Ad/ pbfe e[M nfij/ b'eK Bz{ u[Dd/ jB i' fJ; d/ pdb/ ft~u gqshfBXhnK
dk fBotkuB eod/ jB noEks gqshfBXhnK dk fBotkuB wsdksk d[nkok fBotkfus fJ~e fBotkuB wzvb
(Electroal Collage) d[nkok j[zdk j?, nkg wsdksk d[nkok BjhA. fJ; soK ngqs~y ns/ d{ih tko fBotkue
wzvb d/ w?Apo gqshfBXhnK dk fBotkuB eod/ jB, T[dkjoD bJh Gkos ft~u b'e;Gk ns/ oki dh ftXkB
;GktK d/ w?ApoK dk fBotkuB gqs~y gqDkbh Bkb j[zdk j?. fJ; d/ ftgohs oki ;Gk ns/ oki dh ftXkB
gfoPd d/ gqshfBXhnK dk u[Bkt ngqs~y gqDkbh Bkb j[zdk j?.
gqs~y fBotkuB d/ r[D ns/ d'P
gqs~y fBotkuB d/ r[D ns/ d'P
gqs~y fBotkuB d/ r[D ns/ d'P
gqs~y fBotkuB d/ r[D ns/ d'P
gqs~y fBotkuB d/ r[D ns/ d'P (Merits and Demerits of Direct election)LL LL L gqs~y fBotkuB
gqDkbh brGr ;otwkB gqDkbh j?. fJj b'eszso d/ f;XKsK d/ nB[e{b j?. b'e;~sk iBsk ft~u fBfjs j?.
gqs~y gqDkbh d/ nzsors jh iBsk Bz{ fJ; Pesh Bz{ nfGftnes eoD dk tk;sfte w"ek fwbdk j?. gqs~y
gqDkbh gqshfBXhnK ns/ fBotkueK ft~u xfBPm ;zpzX g?dk eodh j?. T[whdtko nkg fBotkueK e'b iKd/
jB ns/ UBK Bz{ ws d/D dh gqkoEBk eod/ jB ns/ wsdksktK dh ikDekoh gqkgs eod/ jB. Uj gqshfBXh
u[D/ ikD s'A pknd T[ZsodkfJ~st dk th nB[Gt eod/ jB.
iBsk Bz{ th u[Bkt ft~u gqs~y o{g Bkb Gkr b?D d/ ekoD okiBhfse gqfPePD gqkgs j[zdk j?. T[; ft~u okiBhfse
u/sBk ns/ ;kotifBe ezwK d/ ;zgkdB dh GktBk T[sgzB j[zdh j?. iBsk nkgDhnK fIzw/dkohnK ns/ nfXekoK
d/ gqsh ikro{e j[zdh j?. Bkb/ jh gqshfBXhnK d/ fBotkuB ft~u gqs~y o{g Bkb Gkr b?D d/ ekoD iBsk Bz{ Pk;B
;zukbB ft~u gqs~y o{g Bkb Gkr b?D dk w"ek fwbdk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk iBsk okiBhfse dbK ns/ gqshfBXhnK
T[Zs/ th nze[P o~ydh j?. i/eo fBotkfus gqshfBXh nkgDhnK fIzw/dkohnK Bz{ BjhA fBGk oj/ j[zd/, sK nrb/ u[Bkt
ft~u iBsk UBK Bz{ d[pkok BjhA fBotkfus eo ;edh j?. fJ; bJh gqshfBXhnK Bz{ ;kotifBe fjs Bz{ tXkUD
bJh ns/ iBsk dhnK fJ~SktK dh g{osh bJh e[M Bk e[M Io{o eoBk ukjhdk j?.
go fJ;dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe gqs~y fBotkuB gqDkbh fJ~edw d'Pofjs j?. fJ; gqDkbh ft~u nB/eK d'P
gkJ/ iKd/ jB. n~i fBotkueK dh ;zfynk pj[s nfXe j' rJh j?. fi; ekoD fBotkuB ekoi ifNb ns/
efmB j' iKdk j?. fJ; d/ bJh pj[s bzph u"Vh ftt;Ek eoBh g?Adh j? ns/ oki e'P dk pj[s t~vk Gkr

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