Page 286 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
fJekJh^12L gqshfBfX~st dh okiBhsh ns/ ;fjGkfrsk
;t^w[~bKeD BØN
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go'
ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
1H HHHHHHHHHHHHHH ;G s'A g[okDk gqiksKsfoe d/P j?.
2H fBotkuB ns/ gqshfBfX~st ftt;Ek dk ftek; ;G s'A gfjbK HHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u j'fJnk.
3H toswkB ft~u nwoheh okPNogsh dk gqs~y u[Bkt HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ bJh iBsk d[nkok j[zdk j?.
4H cqK; d/ gzuw rDszso ft~u w{b o{g Bkb ;ko/ nfXeko HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Bz{ jh jB.
5H n~i th HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u gqs~y gqikszso d/ o{g d/yD bz{ fwbd/ jB.
12H4 ;ko nzP (Summary)
12H4 ;ko nzP
12H4 ;ko nzP
12H4 ;ko nzP
12H4 ;ko nzP
• o{;'
o{;'
o{;' (Rousseau) dk th efjDk j? fe gqshfBfX~st dh ebgBk nkX[fBe j?, fJ;dh T[sgsh dk ekoD
o{;'
o{;'
;oekoK dh ;t/Skukfosk ;h.fco th fejk ik ;edk j? fe gqkuhB gqiksKsfoe okiK ft~u fJ; dh E'Vh
pj[s P[o{nks j' u[eh ;h.gqzs{ w~XekbhB :[~r ft~u fJj ;gPN o{g Bkb fqdqPNhr'uo j'D b~rh. id'A
e[M okfinK Bz{ XB dh Io{os j[zdh ;h, sK Uj eoko'D d/ ;zpzX ft~u ;bkj b?D bJh e[M
iB^gqshfBXhnK Bz{ nkwszsfos eod/ ;B.gqshfBXhnK d/ ;w{j B/ j'bh j'bh gqshfBXh ;z;Ek dk o{g
rqfjD eo fbnk. fi; Bz{ fJzrb?Av ft~u ;z;d (Parliament), cqK; ft~u ;N/N; iBob (Estates
General) ns/ ikgkB ft~u vkfJN (Diet) fejk iKdk ;h.
• 1213 JhH ft~u fJ; gqeko dh ;Gk p[bkJh rJh. 1256 JhH ft~u p?oBK d/ fti/ ;~sk^;kJhwB^v/
w'ANc'oN (Simon de-Montford) B/ ;z;d dh p?me p[bkJh fi; ft~u ;kwzsK, gkdohnK ns/
ekT{ANhnK d/ gqshfBXhnK s'A fJbktk 21 BroK (Borughs) s'A th d' d' gqshfBXh nkwzsfos j'J/.
• 1295 JhH ft~u n?vtov gqEw B/ ;z;d dh p?me p[bkJh. fJj fJfsjk; ft~u ‘nkdoP ;z;d* (Model
Parilament) d/ BK Bkb ftfynks j?, feUAfe 400 ftneshnK dh fJ; ;Gk ft~u nkw s"o s/ ;ko/
gqw[~y torK^p?oB, gkdoh, BkJhN, Bro nkfd Bz{ gqshfBfX~st fwfbnk. fJ; s'A fpqfNP ftt;Ek
dk fJj fJ~e ;EkJh ns/ Io{oh nzr pD rJh.
• nmkothA Pskpdh ft~u ;wokN fJ~e ;zftXkfBe gqXkB wkso ofj frnk ns/ ;z;d g{oh soK ;kotG"w
j' rJh. 19thA ns/ toswkB Pskpdh ft~u fJj ftek; g{oD j' frnk.
• fJzrb?Av ft~u P[o{ s'A jh ;z;d dk o{g nKfPe o{g ft~u gqshfBfXnkswe (Representative) fojk j?,
feUAfe BroK ns/ ;kwzsK d/ gqshfBXh fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ft~u u[D/ ikd/ ;B.fJzrb?Av d/ bJh
gqshfBfX~st dk f;XKs e'Jh BtK f;XKs BjhA ;h.
• fJ; bJh ;~uh gqshfBfXnkswe ;oeko dh ;EkgBk toswkB ekb ft~u j'Jh. gqzs{ fJ; dh BhAj
ftqfjs ;Gk ft~u ekT{ANh ns/ p"oK Bz{ gqshfBfX~st d/D Bkb jh g? u[eh ;h. fJ; d/ T[d/ dk ekoD
;[szsosk ns/ ;t?Pk;B d/ gqsh gq/w BjhA, pbfe okfink dh eo gqkgs eoD dh Pesh dk fto'X ;h.
• cqK; dh wjkB eqKsh (glorious Revolution) B/ gqshfBfXnkswe gqDkbh dh ;EkgBk dh fdPk ft~u
fJ~e wjkB ;zxoP ehsk. nwoheh T[gfBt/PK B/ ‘fpBK gqshfBfX~st d/ eo BjhA* (No taxation
without repesentation) dk Bkok brkfJnk ns/ nzs ft~u b'eszsoh gqshfBfXnkswe ;oeko dh
;EkgBk ft~u ;cb j'J/.
• ;[szso Gkos d/ ;zftXkB d/ fBowkD j/s{ ;zftXkB ;Gk (Constituent Assembly) dk rmB j'fJnk.
fJ; d/ gqshfBXhnK dk u[Bkt ngqs~y ohsh Bkb j'fJnk ;h. fco th fJ; ;Gk ft~u ;ko/ torK,
ikshnK, okiBhfse dbK ns/ fjsK Bz{ g{ok gqshfBfX~st gqkgs ;h. ;[szsosk gqkgsh s'A gfjbK s~e,
gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB dh ftP/Psk ;h fe Uj ;hfws ;B ns/ gqshfBXhnK d/ u[Bkt dk nkXko

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