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j?. nbg;zfyneK Bz{ T[fus gqshfBfX~st d/D d/ T[d/P Bkb nB/eK gqDkbhnK dh uouk ehsh rJh j?^

(1) nB[gkfse gqshfBfX~st (Proportional Representation)
(2) ;hfws wsdkB gqEk (Limited Vote System)
(3) J/eb wsdkB gqEk (Cumulative Vote system)
(4) nb~r fBotkuB gqEk (Separate Electorate System)
(5) ;[o~fyns ;EkB^:[es fBotkuB gqEk (Joint Electorate in the Reservation of Seates) ns/
(6) g/Pkrs gqshfBfX~st (Professional of Occupational Representation)`

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12H3
12H3
12H3 fpqN/B^nwohek^cqK; ns/ ;ftNIob?Av ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/fpqN/B^nwohek^cqK; ns/ ;ftNIob?Av ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fBotkuB ftt;Ek (Representation and Election System in UK,
USA, France and Switzerland)
fpqN/B ;G s'A g[okDk gqiksKsfoe d/P j?.fJ; bJh fBotkuB ns/ gqshfBfX~st ftt;Ek dk ftek; ;G s'A
gfjb/ fpqN/B ft~u jh j'fJnk j?. nfG;fwnK s/ nkXkfos ftek; d/ cb;o{g fi; ekwB ;Gk ft~u
b'eszsoheoD gfjbK j'fJnk, T[;/ dh Beb j'o d/PK d[nkok gqEw ;dB d/ o{g ft~u ehsh rJh j?. 1949
d/ gqshfBfX~st d/ fB:w d/ nB[;ko fpqfNP ekwB ;Gk dk u[Bkt r[gs wsdkB d[nkok j[zdk j?. fpqN/B ft~u
fi; fBotkuB g~Xsh dk gq:'r j[zdk j?, T[; Bz{ ;kXkoD pj[ws s/ nkXkfos fJ~e^w?Apoh fBotkuB ftt;Ek
fejk ikdk j?. u[Bkt Bshi/ ;kXkoD pj[ws g~Xsh d/ nkXko s/ j[zd/ jB. d{i/ PpdK ft~u, fi; T[whdtko
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s"o s/ gzi ;kb bJh j[zdk j?, gqzs{ ftueko fij/ th fJ; d/ w~Xtosh u[Bkt Io{os nB[;ko j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB.
fJ; fBotkuB g~Xsh dh ;G s'A w[~y ftP/Psk fJj j? fe wsdksktK ns/ w?ApoK d/ ft~u f;ZXk ;zgoe pDdk
j?. you x~N j[zd/ jB ns/ ;EkfBe gqfsGk Bz{ gq's;kjB fwbdk j?. fpqN/B dh fJ;/ fBotkuB g~Xsh dk Pq/
n j? fe fJ; B/ fJzrb?Av dh d'^dbh g~Xsh Bz{ ftef;s ehsk fi; ft~u fJ~e gkoNh ;~sk ft~u ofjzdh j? ns/
d{ih gkoNh fto'Xh db d/ o{g ft~u.
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okwi/ fwUo
okwi/ fwUo
okwi/ fwUo
nbgws ft~u nk iKdk j?. okwi/ fwUookwi/ fwUo B/ th fJ; gqDkbh Bz{ u[Bkt dk ftfeqs o{g wzfBnk j? ns/ fejk
j? fe u[Bkt fJ~e gqeko dk i{nk j? fi; dk gqshe{b gqGkt dbh B/sktK s/ g?Adk j?. cb;o{gL fJ; fBotkuB
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nB[gkfse gqshfBfX~st gqDkbh Bz{ ngBkUD dk ;[Mkn fd~sk frnk j?. e[M b'eK B/ ;zuthA wsgqDkbh
(Cumulative Vote System) ns/ ;hfws ws gqDkbh (Restririctive Vote System) Bz{ th ngBkUD dk
;[Mkn fd~sk j?. gqzs{ fJj ;ko/ ;[Mkn fpqfNP ;zdoG ft~u d'Pw[es BjhA jB ns/ fJBK Bz{ ngBkUD Bkb
fpqN/B dh d'^dbh g~Xsh ysw j' ikt/rh, fi;dk gqshe{b n;o T[ZE'A dh okiBhfse ;fEosk s/ gt/rk.
cb;o{gL fpqN/B d/ b'e toswkB fBotkuB ns/ gqshfBfX~st dh ftt;Ek Bz{ T[g:[es wzBd/ jB ns/ ;~uw[u
ftPt d/ nfXeKP d/PK B/ fJ;/ fpqfNP g~Xsh Bz{ ngDkfJnk j?. fJ; nkXko s/ u[D/ ikD d/ pkti{d
gqshfBXhnK dk fdqPNhe'D jw/Pk okPNoh j[zdk j? ns/ Uj nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ;zg{oD d/P dk gqshfBXh wzBd/ jB.
nwohek ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
nwohek ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
nwohek ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek (Representation and Election System in
nwohek ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
nwohek ft~u gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB ftt;Ek
U.S.A.): nwohek th fJ~e b'esKsfoe d/P j? fi; dk fbfys ;zftXkB nkX[fBe ihfts ;zftXkBK ft~u'A ;G
s'A g[okDk j?. fJ; bJh gqshfBfX~st ns/ fBotkuB Bz{ T[ZE/ th pj[s wj~st fd~sk frnk j?. ;ko/ wj~stg{oD
;zftXkfBe fBektK dk u[Bkt nwohek ft~u j[zdk j?. okPNogsh, T[gokPNogsh, eKro; d/ d't/A ;dB
(gqshfBXh ;Gk ns/ ;hB/N) ns/ okiK ft~u rtoBo iBsk d[nkok u[D/ ikd/ jB. toswkB ;w/A ft~u

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