Page 254 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN • wB[~yK ftu Xow dh T[sgsh fet/A j'Jh, fJ; gqPB dk e'Jh fBPfus T[Zso BjhA fdsk ik ;edk. Xow
dh T[sgsh oj~; d/ ros ftu S[gh j'Jh j?. fJ; ftP/ T[s/ b/yeK ftu gfonkgs wsG/d jB e[M
v/ftv fjT[w
fjT[w
v/ftv
b/ye, v/ftvv/ftv fjT[w fjT[w (David Hume), w?e; w{bow?e; w{bo (Max Muller) ns/ frfvzr;frfvzr;
v/ftv fjT[w
w?e; w{bo
frfvzr;
frfvzr;
frfvzr; (Giddings)
w?e; w{bo
w?e; w{bo
dk ftuko j? fe wB[~y dh feqsh d/ o{g ftu Gqw T[s/ nkXkfows ;h ns/ vo fJ;dh T[sgsh dk ekoD
pfDnk.
• gozs{ Xow dh T[sgsh Bz{ fe;/ fJe~b/ ;q's ftu BjhA y'fink ik ;edk. fJ; Bz{ fe;/ fJe s~s—vo,
nPohoe Pesh ftu ftPtk;, ;z;eko ns/ fBPfus io{os dh gqshfeqnk T[s/ nkXkos jhA ;wfMnk
ik ;edk. Bk fJ~Sk ns/ Bk e/tb GktBk fJ;dh T[sgsh dh ftnkfynk eo ;edh j?. Xow dk gqkozG
wkBt u/sBk d/ ;wkB g[okDk j?. e'Jh th nkfd ;wki nfijk BjhA j? fi; ftu Xow dh nt;fEsh
BjhA ;h ns/ i/eo Xow ;kotG"fwe gfoxNBk j? sK fJ; B{z wkBt gqftosh dh eohsqw nt;Ek BjhA
;wfMnk ik ;edk.
• gq'fd:'freh ;wki Bz{ nB/e gqeko Bkb gqGkts eodh j?, feT[Afe gq'fd:'freh ftu e'Jh th gfotosD
fe;/ ;z;EK ns/ ;w{j ftu gfotosD dk ekoD pDdk j?. T{oik d/ Bt/A ;q'sK dh y'i d/ cb;o{g :zso
gq'fd:'freh d/ nkrwB d/ fJzB/ wj~stg{oB Bshi/ j'J/ fe fJ; Bz{ pj[Xk eqKsh dk Bkw fdsk iKdk j?.
nkftPeko ns/ y'i ;kv/ :[r d/ gqw[~y byPD jB. toswkB :[r Bz{ ‘ftfrnkB dk :[r’ – ‘T{oik dk
:[r’ fejk frnk j?.
• T[sgkdB^gq'fd:'freh ftu gfotosBK B/ ;wkfie ;zpzXK ftu nB/e gfotosDK Bz{ iBw fdsk j?, ;r'A
;zuko^;kXBK ftu gfotosDK B/ th ;wkfie ihtB Bz{ ftnkge o{g Bkb gqGksfts ehsk j?. nkX[fBe
;zuko^goftXhnK ftu gfotosDK dk ;wkfie ihtB T[s/ gqGkt T[sgkdB^gq'fd:'freh ftu gfotosDK
d/ gqGkt d/ ;wkB j?.
• gq'fd:'freh nftPeko nkrpoB d[nkok sEkefEs ;wkfie nftPekoK Bz{ iBw d/ ;ed/ jB. ;wkfie
nftPekoK Bkb T[;dk noE nfij/ nftPekoK Bkb j? i' G"fse BjhA j[zd/ ns/ fiBQK dk gqkfeqse
ftfrnkB Bkb ;zpzX BjhA j?. pfjpeko, Bkoh^wsdkB, n;fj:'r nzd'bB, nkB[gkfse gqshfBXhst,
pi[orK dh g/APB, pkb e'oN, ftnkj fpT{o', f;ftb ;oft;, PqfweK Bz{ bkGKP, nrzs[e nfXnkge,
wB'ftfrnkBe fJbki e/Ado, o'Noh ebp, P'X ;z;EkB, ;z:[es okPNo ;zx, ;wkfie nftPekoK d/ e[M
fJe T[dkjoD jB.

13H4 Ppde'P
13H4 Ppde'P
13H4 Ppde'P
13H4 Ppde'P
13H4 Ppde'P (Keywords)
• ft;oD
ft;oD^c?bkT[Dk
ft;oD
ft;oD
ft;oD
• ft;soD
ft;soD
ft;soD
ft;soD^ft;sko eoBk
ft;soD
• nfGeoD
nfGeoD
nfGeoD
nfGeoD^nXhB ezw eoB tkbh ;z;Ek
nfGeoD
13H5 nfGnk; gqPB
13H5 nfGnk; gqPB
13H5 nfGnk; gqPB
13H5 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
13H5 nfGnk; gqPB
1H nfXe iB;zfynk ns/ nX'ftek; d/ ft~u ;zpzX ;gPN eo'.
2H Gkos d/ T[d:'rheoD dh j"bh rsh d/ w[~y ekoDK dk ftPb/PD eo'.
3H nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB ftueko ;zpzX dh ftnkfynk eo'.
4H gqfeqsh ns/ ;wkfie gqtoD ft~u nzso ;gPN eo'.
5H ;wkfie gqtoD s'A s[;hA eh ;wMd/ j'< fJ; d/ gqekoK dk T[b/y eo'.
6H ;wkfie gfotosB ft~u Xow dh G{fwek T[Zs/ gqekP gkU.
7H Xow ns/ ftfrnkB fJ~e d{i/ d/ fto'Xh jB iK ;fj:'rh.
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