Page 258 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN fgzvK s'A j'o ekoe rohph, p/o[Irkoh ns/ ;tk;E ;/tk dk nGkt j?.feUAfe e;fpnK ns/ PfjoK B/ nkofEe
;z;kXBK ns/ fufes;k ;[ftXktK T[Zs/ J/ekfXeko eo o~fynk j?, fgzvK s'A gqt;B d/ ekoD PfjoK T[Zs/ pj[s
nfXe Gko j' frnk j?. ;[szsosk s'A pknd d/ ekb ft~u w~X torK ftP/P eo e/ t/sBG'rh ;w{jK ft~u
nfsnkfXe tkXk j'fJnk j?.

fJBK gfotosBK d/ ekoD gozgokrs w[~bK ns/ wkDeK dh geV fY~bh j' ojh j?. ngft~sosk^gft~sosk ns/
S{s^Sks dhnK XkoDktK n~i ;wkB o{g ft~u ;kv/ ;wkfie ihtB d/ ;G gfjb{nK ft~u ft~fdnkwkB BjhA jB.
e[M w"fenK T[Zs/ fJj wkDe fttjko ft~u fPfEb gkJ/ iKd/ jB. fco th ftnkj d/ fB:wK dk ftP/P eo e/ nB[b'w
ftnkj, nzsoiksh ftnkj ns/ r's pkjoh ftnkj bJh pj[s ;hwk s~e j[D th gkbD ehsk iKdk j?.

14H2
14H2 nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
14H2 nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
14H2 nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB nkofEe ftek; ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB (Economic Development
14H2
and Social Change)
fJ~e nzrq/I noEPk;soh fte;Nhv (Wickstead) B/ fJ~e tko fejk ;h fe e'Jh th ftnesh Bk sK ;zs,
Bk eth ns/ Bk gq/wh T[d'A s~e j' ;edk j?, id'A s~e fe T[; e'b e[M ykD Bk j't/. okPNoK d/ ftP/ ft~u
th fJjh fejk ik ;edk j? fe okiBhfse ftek;, ;z;feqfse T[gbpXhnK ns/ gfotosB ns/ ;wkfie gqrsh
e/tb fBT{Bsw ihtB ;so gqkgs eoD Bkb jh ;zGt j?, iK n;hA fJj th efj ;ed/ jK fe ;wkfie gqrsh
nkofEe ftek; Bkb jh ;zGt j?. gqPB fJj j? fe nkofEe ftek; eh j?< fejV/ s~s nkofEe ftek; d/
tkX/ ft~u :'rdkB fdzd/ jB< Gkos ;fjs ftPt d/ nftef;s y/soK ft~u nkofEe T[ZBsh ft~u eh o[ektNK
jB< ;wkiPk;soh g~yK ns/ nkofEe ftek; dhnK ;w~f;nktK Bz{ ;wMD s'A gfjbK n;hA T[go'es e[M
wj~stg{oD gqPBK Bz{ ;wMDk ukjKr/.
ft;fsqs noE ft~u fejk ik ;edk j? fe “nkofEe ftek; n;b t/sB ft~u gqsh ftnesh tkXk j? i' ukj/
okpoN c?fo;
okpoN c?fo;
okpoN c?fo;
fe;/ th ;kXB s'A j't/.” okpoN c?fo;okpoN c?fo;. pku B/ fJ; Bz{ fJ; gqeko d~f;nk j?L”noEftt;Ek ft~u t;sK
v/ftv B'tke
v/ftv B'tke B/ nkofEe tkX/ dh fJ~e g[okDh gfoGkPk dh
v/ftv B'tke
d/ g{oD T[sgkdB ns/ ;/tktK ft~u tkXk.” v/ftv B'tkev/ftv B'tke
uouk ehsh j? fi; d/ nB[;ko “fJj t;sK ns/ ;/tktK d/ gqsh ftnesh T[gG'r (consumption) ft~u
fBozso ns/ nfsnkfXe tkXk j?.” nkofEe t;sK dk nfsnkfXe T[gG'r sK jh ;zGt j? id'A fe nkofEe
t;sK dk T[sgkdB th nfsnkfXe j't/. nkofEe ftek; “nkofEe t;sK d/ T[sgkdB ns/ ftsoD ft~u
iV iK fBoiht Pesh (inanimate power) ns/ j'o seBheK dk ft;fsqs gq:'r j?.” okpoN c?fo;. fJBK
noEK ft~u nkofEe ftek; fttjkfoe o{g ft~u T[d:'rheoD dk d{ik BK fejk ik ;edk j?. gqzs{ fJj efjDk
mhe BjhA j? fe nkofEe ftek; e/tb T[d:'rheoD j? feUAfe T[sgkdB ft~u Pesh ns/ seBhe d/ gq:'r
s'A fJbktk Pqw rshPhbsk, ft;fsqs f;~fynk ftt;Ek nkfd th Pkfwb jB.
i/c ns/ ;NhtoN, fiBK B/ nkofEe ftek; Bz{ ‘nkofEe T[sgkdB dk soe;zrsheoD’ (rationalisation)
fejk j?, UBK B/ gqsh ftnesh t/sB ns/ j'o ekoeK fit/A T[Zu ;kyosk, iBw d/ w"e/ T[Zs/ ihtB dhnK
T[ZuhnK ;zGktBktK, fBwB gq;t do, y/sh ft~u b~r/ Pqw Pesh dk fBwB nB[gks ns/ gqsh ftnesh fpibh
feb'tkN dk T[Zu T[sgkdB nkfd d/ nkXko T[Zs/ ftef;s ns/ nftef;s d/PK dk d[GkiB (dichotomy)
g/P ehsk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk fJ; torheoD ft~u fJ~e shih Pq/Dh th i'Vh ik ;edh j?^ Uj d/P i' ftef;s
ns/ nftef;s d/PK ftueko jB noEks ftek;Phb d/P. gqsh ftnesh t/sB d/ noE ft~u nwohek,
eBkvk, nk;Nq/bhnk, g~Swh :{og (fJNbh, cqK;, iowBh ns/ fJzrb?Av) ftef;s d/P wzB/ iKd/ jB. d{i/
gk;/ d~yD ncqhek, w?e;he' ns/ nfXeso d~yDh ns/ g{oth :{ogh d/P ftek;Phb d/P wzB/ iKd/ jB. gqsh
ftnesh t/sB dh fdqPNh Bkb Gkos ni/ th nftef;s d/P j?.
i/c ns/ ;NhtoN dk efjDk j? fe T[go'es ftP/PsktK (ftef;s d/PK dhnK) Bz{ gqkgs eoD bJh nkofEe
ftek; jo t;s{ ft~u ibd gfotosB Bz{ fwbkUAdk j?. gqzs{ okpoN c/fo; dk ftPtk; j? fe fJj Bshik
(nkofEe ftek; bJh jo t;s{ ibd gqkgs eoBk) fBnK;zrs BjhA j?. UBK dk ftuko j? fe ukj/ fJ; dk
nB[wkfBs wkg gqsh ftnesh t/sB ft~u tk;sfte tkXk wzfBnk ikt/rk, gqzs{ j'o ;G gfotosB Io{os d/
;so T[Zs/ fBoGo j'Dr/.

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