Page 263 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
d' gqPB jBL (i) y/sh ft~u ;[Xko fe; soK ;;s/ ft~u ns/ ;obsk Bkb fbnKdk ik ;edk j?< (ii) w"i{dk BØN
T[d:'rK Bz{ fe; soK ;[Xkfonk ik ;edk j?< y/sh ft~u ;[Xko G{wh g~N/dkoh ftt;Ek ft~u ;[Xko eo e/ ns/
f;zukJh ;[ftXktK Bz{ fInkdk T[gbpX eok e/ jh ;zGt j?. T[d:'rheoD ;[Xko ft;fsqs g?wkB/ T[Zs/ T[geoDK
Bz{ i[Nk e/ iK Bt/A ;EkB^fBoXkoD eo e/ jh ;zGt j?. f;zro B/ n~r/ j'o th fejk j? fe y/sh Bkb T[d:'r
ft~u gfotosB ns/ T[d:'rheoD d/ w[~b Bz{ fszB soK Bkb x~N ehsk ik ;edk j?L (i) BroheoD Bz{
fBoT[s;kfjs eo e/, noEks T[d:'rK Bz{ fgzvK ft~u ;Ekfgs eo e/ fi; Bkb ib ns/ :ksk:ks ;z;kXBK
nkfd dh wzr x~N j't/. fJ; Bkb BroK t~b gbkfJB th x~N j't/rk. (ii) nfij/ T[d:'rK T[Zs/ e/Adfos
eo e/ fiBK ft~u x~N g{zih dh Io{os j't/. (iii) nfijh seBhe dk gq:'r eo e/ fi; ft~u fInkdk fwjBs
ns/ x~N bkrs brdh j't/. fJj do;kUAdk j? fe toswkB YKu/ ft~u ;[Xko ns/ YKu/ ft~u gfotosB dh
e'fPP ;zGt j?.
ftbpoN w{o B/ T[d:'rK d/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe YKu/ T[Zs/ gqGkt Bz{ fJ; soK do;kfJnk j?L (i) y/sh Bkb
fBowkD (manufacture) ns/ ;/tktK (services) t~b gqshrwB, (ii) eko'pkoh ftfPPNheoD, (iii) Pqw
ftGkiB, (iv) ftfPPN feqnktK d/ ft~u skbw/b, (v) Pqw rshPhbsk, (vi) p?AeK dh ouBk, (vii) pIko
ft;sko, (viii) T[gG'r ft~u gfotosB, ns/ (ix) ;wkfie ;zpzXK d/ ikb ft~u gfotosB.
J/H nkoH d/;kJh B/ Gkos ft~u nkofEe ftek; dhnK uko ;wkiPk;soh ;w~f;nktK t~b fXnkB fy~funk j?L
(i) g[okD/ ;wkfie ;zrmB Bz{ pdb e/ ns/ Bt/A ;zpzXK d/ ikb Bz{ ftef;s eo e/ (ii) g[okDhnK ;z;EktK ft~u
gfotosB fbnk e/ iK UBK dk fsnkr eo e/ ns/ Bt/A gqeko dhnK ;wkfie ;z;EktK dk ftek; eo e/ (iii)
g[okD/ gqeko d/ ;wkfie fB:zsoD d/ sohfenK dk ftek; eo e/ (iv) ;wkfie gfotosB dhnK g[okDhnK J/iz;hnK
T[Zs/ g[Boftuko eo e/ ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB d/ Bt/A ekoeK$;kXBK dk ftek; eo e/.
nzrq/IK B/ Gkos Bz{ nftef;s jh o~fynk. UBK d/ ;w/A i' e[M th T[d:'fre ftek; j'fJnk, Uj w[~y s"o
s/ fpqfNP g{zihtkdh b'eK B/ Gkos dh noEftt;Ek Bz{ ftef;s j'D s'A o'fenk, T[ZE/ jh UBK B/ ;wkfie
;zrmB, ;z;EktK ns/ GkoshnK d/ ;wkfie fdqPNhe'DK T[Zs/ th nkxks ehsk. gozgokrs nkswfBoGo
g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ i' fe gzukfJsK, iksh, ;z:[es gfotko d/ wkfXnw Bkb ekoiPhb ;h ns/ ohsh^fotkIK Bkb
Pkf;s j[zdk ;h, Bz{ p[oh soK XkokPkJh eo fd~sk frnk. fJjh BjhA, fJ; dh EK s/ fJ~e BthA ;wkfie ekoi
gqDkbh, Bt/A fdqPNhe'D iK BthnK ;z;EktK dk ftek; BjhA ehsk frnk.fJBK ;G d/ nGkt ft~u Bt/A ekBz{BK
d/ bkr{ j'D Bkb ssekbhB ;wkfie ;zpzXK ft~u ftxNB j'D b~rk. ;fj:'r ns/ ;zs[bB d/ g[okD/ f;XKsK
dh EK s/ gqsh:'frsk dk f;XKs nk frnk fi; B/ ;wkfie ;zouBk ft~u Gzto fijh rshPhbsk g?dk eo fd~sh.
;[szsosk s'A pknd ;oeko B/ gzi ;kbk :'iBktK d/ wkfXnw Bkb noE ftt;Ek d/ g[Bo^fBowkD dk ezw
nkozG ehsk. nkofEe ftek; B/ fJ~e gk;/ sK ;wkiPk;soh ;w~f;nktK (noEks ;wkfie ;zpzXK, ;wkfie
;z;EktK, ;wkfie gfotosB dhnK J/iz;hnK dhnK ;w~f;nktK) Bz{ iBw fd~sk i' fe Bekokswe ;[Gkn dhnK
;B ns/ d{i/ gk;/ ;ekokswe gqeko dhnK ;w~f;nktK Bz{ th. Bekokswe ;wkiPk;soh ;w~f;nktK g[okDhnK
;wkfie ;z;EktK dh ;fEosk dk Bshik jB, fit/A fBoze[P ;z:[es gfotko ns/ gozgokswe Xkofwe
;z;EktK nkfd. ;wkfie fB:zsoD d/ g[okD/ ;o{gK fit/A ngqkfeqfse wkBsktK, fBoze[P wkBdzv ns/ gfotko,
iksh, iBiksh, Xkofwe ns/ j'o gqu~fbs wkBsktK d/ ekoD th ;w~f;nktK g?dk j'JhnK jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk
fJj ;w~f;nktK T[; g[okD/ fdqPNhe'D d/ ekoD th g?dk j'JhnK i' Xkofwe Gkrtkdh ns/ b'eszso^fto'Xh
jB. nzs ft~u, fJBK dk T[d/ nf;~fynk, p/ekoh, fGqPNkuko, ikshtkd ns/ rohph d/ ekoD th j'fJnk j?.
;ekokswe gqeko dhnK ;w~f;nktK dk T[d/ fJBK BhshnK d/ ekoD j'fJnkl (i) T[d:'rheoD, (ii)
eko'pkoheoD (commercialisation), (iii) daqtheoD (monetisation) (noEks XB noEftt;Ek dk
nkozG). T[d:'rheoD B/ g[okDh Pqw^ftGkiB ftt;Ek Bz{ T[ykV ;[~fNnk j? ns/ Bt/A gqeko d/ nB[Pk;B ns/
BthA ihtB gqDkbh dh wzr eod/ j'J/ Bt/A eko'pkoh ;o{gK Bz{ iBw fd~sk j?. nkX[fBeheoD B/ fco ukj/ Uj
y/sh ft~u j'D, iK T[d:'r ft~u, ftnesh Bz{ T[; dhnK ;wkfie fJekJhnK dhnK gozgokswe gqfeqnktK ns/
ftXhnK s'A t~y eo fd~sk j? ns/ ftnesh nkgD/ gfotko dh e[Pbsk ns/ ftfPPNsk s'A tzfus ofj frnk
j?. tgkoheoD iK eko'pkoheoD B/ th nB/eK ;w~f;nktK Bz{ iBw fd~sk j?. fJ; Bkb Pesh ns/ ;~sk ft~u
gfotsB nkfJnk j?. fe;kBK ns/ T[sgkdeK dh EK s/ G{^;[nkwh ns/ T[d:'rgsh ns/ gqPk;e, Pk;e ;w{j

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