Page 267 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
nB[pzfXs ns/ ftP/P ezw iK B"eoh i' Uj eod/ jB UBK T[Zs/ nkXkfos j[zd/ jB. r?f;bP/cN ;wki ft~u BØN
T[g:'frsktkdh (utilitarian) T[d/PK ns/ ;wkfie ;zpzXK d/ w[ekpb/ d/ ;o{g T[Zs/ pb fd~sk iKdk j?.
w?e; t/po (1961) ns/ ikoi f;wb (1950) fij/ j'o ;wkiPk;sohnK B/ Broh tksktoD ft~u xDh nktk;h
gfo;fEshnK, gfotosB ft~u s/Ih ns/ nftnefse nzsofeqnk (impersonal interaction) T[Zs/ pb
fd~sk j?. b[Jh; toE B/ fejk j? fe ;wkiPk;soh T[d/PK bJh fJ~e Bro dh fJj efj e/ gfoGkPk fd~sh
ik ;edh j? fe Uj ;wkfie o{g Bkb gzuw/b$ftPwo{g (heterogeneous) ftneshnK dh pikJ/ t~vh
(relatively large), xDh (dense) ns/ n;EkJh p;sh (Settlement) j?. o{E rbk; (1956) fij/ ftdtkBK
B/ Bro Bz{ fiBK ekoeK d[nkok gfoGkfPs ehsk j? Uj jB iB;zfynk dk nkeko, iB;zfynk dk ;zxDkgD,
gqw[~y nkofEe ftt;Ek, gqPk;B dh nkw ouBk ns/ e[M ;wkfie ftP/PsktK.

Gkos ft~u ‘e;p/’ (town) dh 1961 ft~u fJ~e BthA gfoGkPk ngDkJh rJh. 1951 s~e, ‘e;p/’ ft~u Pkfwb
;BL (i) wekBK dk ;zfrqj fiBK ft~u x~N s'A x~N 5,000 ftnesh ;EkJh o{g Bkb fBtk; eod/ jB, (ii) jo
fwT{Bf;g/fbNh$ekog'o/PB$fe;/ th nkeko dk nfX;{fus y/so, ns/ (iii) ;G f;ftb bkJhBK i' fwT{fBf;gb
fJekJhnK ft~u Pkfwb BjhA jB. fJ; gqeko e;p/ dh gfoGkPk ft~u gqw[~y c'e; iB;zfynk s/ nkeko T[Zs/ Bk
j' e/ gqPk;fBe ftt;Ek T[Zs/ nfXe ;h. 1961 ft~u fe;/ ;EkB Bz{ e;pk efjD bJh e[M wkgdzv brkJ/
rJ/. Uj ;BL (n) x~N s'A x~N 5,000 dh iB;zfynk, (p) 1,000 ftnesh gqsh tor whb s'A x~N dk ;zxDgD
BjhA, (;) T[; dh ekoiPhb iB;zfynk dk fszB^u"EkJh r?o^y/sh rshftXhnK ft~u j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ (d) T[;
EK dhnK nkgDhnK e[M ftP/PsktK j'DhnK ukjhdhnK jB ns/ :ksk:ks ns/ ;zuko, p?AeK, ;e{bK, pIkoK, wB'oziB
e/AdoK, j;gskbK, fpibh ns/ nypkoK nkfd dhnK Bkroh ;[y^;[ftXktK j'DhnK ukjhdhnK jB. gfoGkPk ft~u
fJ; gfotosB d/ cb;o{g 812 y/so (44 b~y ftneshnK d/) i' 1951 dh iBrDBk ft~u e;p/ x'fPs ehs/
rJ/ ;B, UBK Bz{ 1961 dh iBrDBk ft~u e;p/ BjhA wzfBnk frnk.
1961 dk nkXko 1971, 1981, 1991 dhnK iBrDBktK ft~u th e;p/ dh gfoGkPk eod/ ;w/A ngDkfJnk
frnk. j[D iB;Kfyneh o{g ft~u UBK y/soK Bz{ fiBK dh iB;zfynk 5,000 ns/ 20,000 ftueko j?, S'Nk
e;pk (small town) wzfBnk iKdk j?, fiBK dh 20,000 ns/ 50,000 ftueko j?, UBK Bz{ t~vk e;pk (large
town) wzfBnk iKdk j?, fiBK dh 50,000 ns/ fJ~e b~y d/ ftueko j?, UBK Bz{ Pfjo (city) fejk iKdk
j?, fiBK dh fJ~e b~y ns/ d; b~y d/ ftueko j?, UBK Bz{ t~vk Pfjo (large city) fejk iKdk j?, fiBK dh
10 ns/ 50 b~y d/ ft~u j?, T[; Bz{ ftPkb Bro (mega city) fejk iKdk j? ns/ fi; ft~u 50 b~y s'A nfXe
ftnesh jB, T[; Bz{ wjKBro (metropolitan city) fejk iKdk j?.
;wkiPk;soh “Bro” dh gfoGkPk ft~u iB;zfynk d/ nkeko Bz{ nfXe wj~st BjhA fdzd/ feUAfe fBT{Bsw
iB;zfynk d/ wkBdzv ekch pdbd/ ofjzd/ jBl T[dkjoD bJh Bhdob?Av ft~u fJ~e ;EkB B{z Bro efjbtkUD
bJh 20,000 dh fBT{Bsw iB;zfynk dh Io{os j?l cqK;, nk;Nqhnk ns/ g~Swh iowBh ft~u fJj 2,000
j?l ikgkB ft~u 3,000 j?l nwohek ft~u 3,500 j? nkfd. fJ; gqeko Uj iB;zfynk d/ nkeko dh EK s/
ftP/PsktK Bz{ nfXe wj~st fdzd/ jB. fEUvko;B B/ ‘Pfjoh ;w[dkJ/’ dh gfoGkPk fJ; soK fd~sh j? fe
“fJj Uj ;w[dkJ/ j? fi; dh iB;zfynk dh xDsk (density) pj[s j?, fi~E/ r?o^y/sh eko'pkoK dh
;otkfXesk (predominance) j?, fJ~e T[Zu/ ;so dh ftP/P~rsk (specialisation) j? fi; d/ cb;o{g Pqw
ftGkiB ifNb j[zdk j? ns/ ;EkfBe Pk;B dh n"gukfoe Yzr Bkb ftt;Ek j[zdh j?. T[; dhnK ftP/PsktK
ft~u nftnefse d'rb/ ;zpzX gqukfbs j[zd/ jB ns/ n"gukfoe ;wkfie fB:zsoDK T[Zs/ fBoGosk ofjzdh
j?.” okpoN o/vchbv (nwoheB ioBb Uc ;'P'b'ih, iBtoh, 1942) d/ nB[-;ko Pfjoh ;wki dhnK ftP/
PsktK fJj j[zdhnK jB fe “Uj fJ~e t~vh ftPwo{gh (heterogeneous) iB;zfynk j[zdh j?, T[; dk d{i/
;wkiK Bkb fBeN ;zpzX j[zdk j? (tgko, ;zuko nkfd d/ iohJ/), T[; ft~u fJ~e ifNb Pqw ftGkiB j[zdk j?,
;z;kfoe wkwfbnK Bz{ gft~so wkwfbnK dh pikJ/ nfXe wj~st fd~sk iKdk j? ns/ fBPfus T[d/PK d/ gqsh
ftt/eg{oD sohe/ Bkb fttjko Bz{ ;[ftt;fEs eoD dh fJ~Sk j[zdh j?. Uj gkozgfoe wkBdzvK dk nB[;oD
BjhA eod/.

BroheoD
BroheoD (Urbanization): iB;zfynk dk g/Av{ y/soK s'A Broh y/soK ft~u ikDk ‘BroheoD’ efjbkUAdk
BroheoD
BroheoD
BroheoD
j?. fJ; d/ cb;o{g, iB;zfynk dk tXdk j'fJnk Gkr g/Av{ y/soK ft~u ofjD dh pikJ/ Pfjoh ;EkBK ft~u

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