Page 268 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN ofjzdk j?. Ekw;B tkoB (n?B;kJheb'ghvhnk Uc ;'Pb ;KJh;hI) B/ fJ; dh gfoGkPk fJ; gqeko fd~sh
j?L “fJj nfij/ ;w[dktK d/ ftneshnK, i' w[~y o{g Bkb iK g{o/ o{g Bkb y/sh Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB, dk UBK
;w[dktK ft~u ikDk j? i' nkw s"o s/ (nkeko ft~u) UBK s'A t~v/ jB ns/ fiBK dhnK rshftXhnK w[~y o{g
Bkb ;oeko, tgko, T[sgkdB iK fJBK Bkb ;zpzfXs eko'pkoK T[Zs/ e/Adfos j?.” n?Avo;B d/ nB[;ko
BroheoD fJ~esock gqfeqnk Bk j' e/ d'sock gqfeqnk j?. fJ; ft~u e/tb fgzvK s'A PfjoK ft~u ikDk BjhA
j[zdk, gqzs{ fJ; ft~u gqtk;h d/ o[yK, ftPtk;K, w[~bK ns/ fttjko d/ ;o{gK ft~u th gfotosB j[zdk j?.
Bkrfosk
Bkrfosk (Urbanism): Bkrfosk fJ~e ihtB g~Xsh (way of life) j?. fJj ;wki dk nfijk ;zrmB j? fi;
Bkrfosk
Bkrfosk
Bkrfosk
ft~u Pqw dk ifNb ftGkiB, T[d:'freh d/ T[Zu/ ;so, T[Zu rshPhbsk, nkofEe ezwK Bz{ g{ok eoD bJh T[;
d/ w?ApoK dk nkg;h ;fj:'r ns/ ;wkfie ;zpzXK ft~u nftnefsesk (impersonality) dk ;wkt/P j[zdk j?.
Bkrfosk iK Broh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
Bkrfosk iK Broh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK (Characteristics of Urbanism or Urban
Bkrfosk iK Broh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
Bkrfosk iK Broh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
Bkrfosk iK Broh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
System): b[Jh; toE (Louis Wirth: 1938: 49) B/ Bkrfosk dhnK uko ftP/PsktK d~;hnK jBL
• ;EkfJ~st (Transiency)L fJ~e Bro fBtk;h nkgD/ gfofusK Bz{ G[~bdk ofjzdk j? ns/ Bt/A ftneshnK
Bkb ;zpzX pDkUAdk ofjzdk j?. UBK d/ nkgD/ gV";hnK Bkb ns/ ebp nkfd fij/ ;w{jK d/ w?ApoK Bkb
fInkdk fw~sosk Go/ ;zpzX BjhA jz[d/, fJ; bJh ub/ ikD Bkb T[; Bz{ e'Jh fuzsk BjhA j[zdh.
• ;sjhgD (Superficiality)L fJ~e Bkrfoe e[M jh ftneshnK Bkb r~bpks eodk j? ns/ UBK Bkb th
T[; d/ ;zpzX nftnefse ns/ nD^n"gukfoe j[zd/ jB. ftnesh fJ~e/ d{i/ Bkb nfsnzs nb~r
G{fwektK ft~u fwbd/ jB. Uj nkgD/ ihtB dhnK Io{osK Bz{ g{ok eoD bJh fInkdk ftneshnK T[Zs/
fBoGo j[zd/ jB.

• r[wBkwh (anonymity)L Brotk;hnK d/ fJ~e d{i/ Bkb g~e/ ;zpzX BjhA j[zd/. ftnefse nkg;h
gfofussk (acquaintanceship) i' nk;^gV"; d/ ftneshnK ft~u fBfjs j[zdh j?, Bro ft~u BjhA
j[zdh.
• ftneshtkd (individualism)L ftnesh nkgD/ fBfjs ;tkoEK Bz{ fInkdk wj~st fdzd/ jB.
o{Erbk; B/ Bkrfosk dhnK fBwBfbfys ftP/PsktK d~;hnK jBL rshPhbsk, r[wBkwhgD, ftneshtkd,
nftnefse ;zpzX ;wkfie G/dheoD (differentiation), n;EkfJ~st ns/ :Ksfoe (organic) J/esk.
n?Avo;B B/ Bkrfosk dhnK fszB ftP/PsktK Bz{ ;{uhpZX ehsk j?L ;kwzi; (adjustability), rshPhbsk ns/
c?bkt (diffusion). wkoPb febBkov (Marshall Clinard: 1957) B/ d[osrkwh ;wkfie gfotosB,
gqshwkBK ns/ w[~bK d/ ft~u ;zxoP, iB;zfynk dh tXdh j'Jh rshPhbsk, G"fse t;sK T[Zs/ pb ns/ nfGzB
nzso ftnefse ;zgoe (intimate interpersonal communication) ft~u ntBsh (decline) Bz{ Bkrfosk
dhnK wj~stg{oD ftP/PsktK d~f;nk j?. e/H v/ft; (1953) B/ Broh ;wkfie ftt;Ek dhnK n~m ftP/PsktK
dk T[b/y ehsk j?L ;wkfie ftPwsk (heterogeneity) (Broh y/soK ft~u ftfGzB XowK, GkPktK, ikshnK
ns/ torK d/ ftnesh ofjzd/ jB ns/ T[ZE/ eko'pko ft~u th ftP/P~rsk j[zdh j?), (d'rb/ ;zpzX, ;wkfie
rshPhbsk, ftneshtkd, ;EkB ;zpzXh nbrkt (spatial segregation), ;wkfie ;fjDPhbsk, d'jok
fB:zsoD ns/ ;t?;/th ;z;EktK.
b[Jh; toE B/ Bkrfosk dhnK uko ftP/PsktK d~;hnK jBL iB;zfynk ft~u fGzBsk, ekoi dh ftP/P~rsk,
r[wBkwh, nftnefsesk ns/ ihtB ns/ fttjko dk wkDeheoD (standardization). ukj/ fJj ftP/PsktK
Broh ftnesh ns/ T[; d/ ihtB dk nfsozfis fu~so do;kUAdhnK jB fco th UBK dk ftPb/PD fJ~E/
Io{oh j?^
1H iB;zfynk dh ftPwsk (Heterogeneity of Population)L ftfGzB y/soK s'A ftneshnK dk gqtk;
BroK ft~u t~vh ;zfynk bJh T[ZsodkJh j?. fJ; d/ ekoD ftfGzB g[PmG{whnK ns/ ftPtk;K d/
ftnesh Bkb Bkb ofjzd/ jB. ftneshnK dk fJj fwPoD nD^n"gukfoe fB:zsoDK (b'ekuko ns/
gqEktK) d/ ;zukbB Bz{ gqGkfts eodk j? ns/ ftneshnK ns/ ;w{jK d/ fttjko Bz{ fB:zsfos eoD
bJh n"gukfoe o{g Bkb pDkJ/ j'J/ ouBk^szsoK (mechanisms) T[Zs/ fBoGosk tX iKdh j?.
ftnesh ;w{fje GktBktK (common sentiments) ft~u j[D nk;Ek BjhA o~yd/ ns/ j'o ;z;feqshnK

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