Page 272 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN BroK dk ftek; iBw ns/ w"s do ns/ ;EkBKsoD (migration) T[Zs/ jh fBoGo BjhA eodk, gqzs{
okiBhfse, Xkofwe, fJfsjkf;e ns/ nkofEe ekoeK Bkb th j[zdk j?. okiBhfse e/Ado okiK dh okiXkBh
j' ;ed/ jB (G'gkb, i?g[o, w[zpJh, ebe~sk nkfd) okiBhfse rshftXhnK d/ y/so (fd~bh) iK c"i d/ f;~fynk
;Eb (yVrtk;bk) iK o~fynk T[sgkdB e/Ado (i'Xg[o)l nkofEe e/Ado Uj y/so j[zd/ jB fi~E/ tgko ns/
tkfDi fInkdk (predominance) j[zdk j? (nfjwdkpkd, ;{os nkfd)l Xkofwe Bro Uj Bro jB fi~E/
ftnesh shoE :ksok T[Zs/ iKd/ jB (jfod[nko, tkokD;h, fJbkjkpkd nkfd)l ns/ f;~fynk e/AdoK ft~u
f;~fynk ;z;EktK j[zdhnK jB (fgbkBh).
Gkos ft~u 1971 ft~u Pfjoh iB;zfynk 10H91 eo'V ;h, 1981 ft~u 16H01 eo'V ns/ 1991 ft~u 21H1
eo'V ;h. id'A fe 1921 ft~u Pfjoh iB;zfynk d/P dh iB;zfynk dk e/tb 11H3# ;hl 1951 ft~u fJj
tX e/ 17H6#, 1971 ft~u 20H2#, 1981 ft~u 23H8# ns/ 1991 ft~u 25H7# j' rJh (;/B;; Uc
fJzvhnk, 1991, ;hohI 1,2). d{i/ gk;/, 1911^21 d/ dPe ft~u Pfjoh iB;fynk 8H3# tXh, 1921^31
ft~u fJj 19H1# tXh, 1931^41 ft~u 32H0#, 1941^51 ft~u 41H4#, 1951^61 ft~u 37H0#, 1961^71
ft~u 38H2#, 1971^81 ft~u 35H4# ns/ 1981^91 ft~u 40H4# tXh. fJ; gqeko 1941 ns/ 1991 ft~u
gzi dPeK ft~u Pfjoh iB;zfynk dk tkXk do 3H4 ns/ 3H8# d/ ft~u gqsh ;kb j?.
Broh iB;zfynk dk ftfGzB okiK ft~u ftsoD th t~y t~y fwbdk j?. g~Swh y/so (wjKokPNo ns/ r[ioks)
ft~u e[b Broh iB;zfynk dk 20#, d~yD y/so ft~u (nKXo gqd/P, sfwbBkv{, e/ob ns/ eoBkNe) ft~u
27#, g{oth y/so (fpjko, pzrkb, T[Vh;k, fsqg[ok, Bkrkb?Av, fwI'ow nkfd) ft~u 18# ns/ T[Zsoh y/so
(T[Zso gqd/P, w~X gqd/P) ft~u fwbk e/ 35#.
Gkos ft~u Broh iB;zfynk dk e/tb 25H7# j?, id'A fe ;z;ko dh e[b iB;zfynk dk 45# PfjoK ft~u ofjzdk
j?. ;G s'A nfXe Broh iB;zfynk nk;Nq/bhnk ns/ fBT{Ihb?Av ft~u (85#) fwbdh j? ns/ T[; s'A pknd ikgkB
(77#), T[Zso nwohek (74#), o{; (66#), ncqhek ns/ J/Phnk (34#) ns/ gkfe;skB (32#) ft~u.
gqw[~y wId{oK d/ g{oD o[Irko ft~u y/sh o[Irko dk Gkr 1961 ft~u 72# s'A xN e/ 1981 ft~u 68H0#
ns/ 1991 ft~u 64H0# j' frnk (;/B;; Uc fJzvhnk). ;kb 2001 s~e g/Av{ iB;zfynk ft~u 19 s'A 20
eo'V d/ ft~u ftnesh i[V ikDr/ ns/ fJBK ft~u'A 10 eo'V B"eohnK dh sbkP ft~u Pfjoh y/soK ft~u nk
ikDr/. id'A 1931 ft~u fJ~e b~y s'A nfXe iB;zfynk tkb/ BroK dh e[b ;zfynk 32 ;h, Uj 1961 ft~u
107 j' rJh, 1981 ft~u 216 ns/ 1991 ft~u 317 j' rJh (izw{ ns/ ePwho Bz{ S~v e/). d; b~y s'A nfXe
iB;zfynk tkb/ t~v/ PfjoK dh ;zfynk 1941 ft~u d' s'A tX e/ 1971 ft~u 9, 1981 ft~u 12 ns/ 1991 ft~u
23 j' rJh (;/B;; Uc fJzvhnk, 1991 ;hohI 1 g/go 2H251).
Gkos ft~u 1998 ft~u PfjoK dh e[b ;zfynk 4,689 ;h. fJBK ft~u ;G s'A nfXe Pfjo (704) T[Zso gqd/
P ft~u jB. fJ; s'A pknd sfwbBkv{ (434), w~X gqd/P (327) ns/ wjKokPNo ft~u (307) jB. 1991
dh iBrDBk d/ nB[;ko 65H2# iB;zfynk fJ~e b~y s'A nfXe iB;zfynk UBK PfjoK ft~u ofj ojh ;h,
10H9# 50,000 ns/ fJ~e b~y d/ ft~u dh iB;zfynk tkb/ PfjoK ft~u, 13H2# 20,000 ns/ 50,000 d/
ft~u dh iB;zfynk tkb/ e;fpnK ft~u, 7H8# 10,000 ns/ 20,000 d/ ft~u dh iB;zfynk tkb/ e;fpnK
ft~u ns/ 2H6# 5,000 ns/ 10,000 d/ ft~u dh iB;zfynk tkb/ e;fpnK ft~u . Gkos d/ S/ wjKBro (1998
d/ nKefVnK d/ nB[;ko) fiBK dh iB;zfynk 50 b~y s'A nfXe j? fJj jBL ebe~sk (125H9 b~y), w[zpJh
(171H9 b~y), fd~bh (111H7 b~y), u/BzJh (64H4 b~y), pzrb"o (53H2 b~y) ns/ j?dokpkd (64H3 b~y).
brGr 15 ;kb gfjbK e/Adoh ;oeko B/ S'N/ e;fpnK d/ ftek; bJh fJ~e :'iBk pDkJh ;h. fJj :'iBk
;h “S'N/ ns/ w~X e;fpnK bJh ftek; dh J/ehfeqs (integrated) :'iBk”. fJ; d/ nzsors oki ;oekoK
Bz{ e/Adoh ;oeko s'A wdd fwbdh j?. gqzs{ fJj :'iBk n;cb jh ojh j?. ftek; dk nGkt ftneshnK d/
;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse ihtB Bz{ gqGkfts eodk j?.
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGkt
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGkt
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGkt
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGkt
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGkt
BroheoD d/ ;wkfie gqGktK dk ftPb/PD T[; d/ gfotko, iksh, n"osK dh ;wkfie ;fEsh ns/ g/Av{ ihtB
d/ ;zpzX Bkb ehsk ik ;edk j?.

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