Page 276 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN j?. iiwkBh ftt;Ek ewI'o j' ojh j? ns/ nzsoiksh ns/ nzsotorh ;zpzXK ft~u gfotosB nk fojk j?.
ftnkj, gfotko ns/ iksh dhnK gzukfJsK dhnK ;z;EktK ft~u th gfotosB j?. phwkohnK d/ T[guko bJh
nkozfGe sohfenK T[Zs/ fBoGo ofjD dh pikJ/ j[D Uj nkX[fBe n?b'g?fEe dtkJhnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
u[BktK ft~u th fJ;/ gqeko Uj fJ~e T[whdtko dh Xkofwe iK ;wkfie gqfsPmk dh EK T[; dhnK ywsktK
ns/ okiBhfse g[PmG{wh Bz{ wj~st fdzd/ jB.
gqzs{ fJ; dk noE fJj BjhA fe fgzvK ft~u j[D gozgoktK dk e'Jh wj~st BjhA j?. ftneshtkd gfotkotkd
(familism) dh EK BjhA b? gkfJnk j?. ns/ Bk jh XowfBog~ysk T[; pzXB dk ;EkB rqfjD eo gkJh j?
i' Xkofwe j?.
BroheoD dhnK ;w~f;nktK
BroheoD dhnK ;w~f;nktK (Problems of Urbanization)L LL L Pfjoh ;w~f;nktK nBzs jB. BPhb/
BroheoD dhnK ;w~f;nktK
BroheoD dhnK ;w~f;nktK L
BroheoD dhnK ;w~f;nktK
gdkoEK dk ;/tB, fGqPNkuko ns/ p/o[Irkoh UBK ft~u'A e[M jB. n;hA UBK S/ rzGho ;w~f;nktK d/ gqGkt
y/so ns/ ftnkgesk dk ftPb/PD eoKr/ fiBK dk fJ; g[;se d/ d{i/ nfXnktK ft~u T[b/y BjhA j'fJnk
j?. Uj jBL (i) nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK, (ii) GhV^GkV ns/ fBoftnesheoD (depersonalisa-
tion), (iii) gkDh dh nkg{osh ns/ ib^fBek; (drainage), (iv) gfotjB ns/ :ksk:ks, (v) fpibh dh
ewh ns/ (vi) gqd{PD.
nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK
nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK
nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK (Housing and Slums)LL LL L PfjoK ft~u ftneshnK dk nktk; iK
nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK
nktk; ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK
nktk;jhDsk (houselessness) Bz{ ysw eoBk fJ~e rzGho ;w~f;nk j?. ;oeko, T[d:'rgsh, g{zihgsh,
;kj;h ftnesh (enterpreneurs), ftek; (developers) m/e/dko ns/ wekBdko (landlords) rohp ns/
w~X tor d/ ftneshnK dhnK nktk; dhnK Io{osK Bz{ g{ok BjhA eo gkJ/ jB. fJ~e :{H n?BH nkJhH dh
fog'oN d/ nB[;ko (fd fjzd[;skB NkJhwI, 9 wJh, 1988), Gkos d/ ;G s'A t~v/ BroK ft~u Pfjoh
iB;zfynk d/ fJ~e u"EkJh ns/ n~X/ d/ ft~u ftnesh ezwubkT{ EktK ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK ft~u ofjzd/ jB.
d/P d/ e[b gfotkoK ft~u'A x~N s'A x~N 15H0# ‘nktk; s'A tzfus’ jB, xoK d/ 60# s'A nfXe ft~u o"PBh
ns/ jtk dhnK ;[ftXktK Bkekch jB. ns/ 80# g/Av{ iB;zfynk ns/ 30# Pfjoh iB;zfynk e~u/ wekBK
ft~u ofjzd/ jB. b~yK ftneshnK Bz{ pj[s fInkdk feokfJnk d/Dk g?Adk j? i' UBK d/ ;kXBK s'A go/ j[zdk j?.
;kvh bkG^nfGw[y noEftt;Ek ft~u fBih ftek;eK ns/ p;shnK dk fBowkD eoD tkfbnK Bz{ rohp ns/
fBwB w~X tor d/ ftneshnK bJh PfjoK ft~u wekB pDkUD s'A e[M bkG BjhA j[zdk. fJ; dh pikJ/ Uj
nwho ns/ T[Zu w~X tor dhnK nktk;h Io{osK dh g{osh T[Zs/ nkgDk fXnkB e/Adfos eod/ jB. fJ;
d/ cb;o{g feokJ/ tX/ jB. e[M T[gbpX wekBK d/ bJh feokJ/ dk w[ekpbk j[zdk j?. brGr n~Xh iB;zfynk
e'b yokp wekB jB iK Uj nkgD/ t/sB dk 20# feokJ/ T[Zs/ you eod/ jB. e[M okiK ft~u nktk;B
wzvbK (Housing Boards) ns/ Bro ftek; gqkfXeoDK (City Development Authorities) B/ Pfjo dh
nktk;h ;w~f;nk dk ihtB phwk fBrw, j[ve' (HUDCO) ns/ fJ; gqeko dhnK j'o J/iz;hnK dh ;feqn
ft~sh wdd d[nkok j~b eoD dh e'fPP ehsh j?. Uj wekB dh g{oh ehws wkf;e fePsK s~e ft~u b? b?Ad/
jB ns/ 9# s'A 18# s~e ftnki b?Ad/ jB. gqzs{ fJzihfBno ns/ m/e/dko fJBK ;oekoh e'fPPK s'A pj[s
ewkUAd/ jB. Uj fBowkD ft~u xNhnk wkb brkUAd/ jB ns/ fBoXkfos fBod/PK (specifications) dk
T[bzxD eod/ j'J/ GtBK dk fBowkD eod/ jB. yohdD tkb/ Bz{ S/sh jh gsk ub iKdk j? fe Ss Ngedh
j?, u{Bk MVD brdk j?, ezXK ft~u dokoK g? iKdhnK jB. fpibh d/ ;kI'^;kwkB (fittings) yokp j'D brd/
jB. fJ; gqeko d/ ezwK Bkb nktk;B wzvb ns/ Uj E'V/ fij/ JhwkBdko nc;o, i' fJ; gqeko dhnK nktk;h
:'iBktK Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zd/ jB, pdBkw j' iKd/ jB. fJ; bJh e'Jh j?okBh BjhA fe n~i th PfjoK ft~u
nktk;h ;w~f;nk e/tb o'Nh ns/ e~gV/ s'A pknd ;G s'A fteokb ;w~f;nk pDh j'Jh j?.
;~sthA :'iBk d/ nkozG ft~u wekBK dhnK nB[wkfBs fJekJhnK brGr 25H0 fwbhnB ;B. Pfjoh y/soK
ft~u 1990 s~e fJj ewh 9H7 fwbhnB ns/ 1999 s~e 18 fwbhnB fJekJhnK s~e tX ikD dh ;zGktBk
;h. fJ~eb/ fd~bh ft~u, fi~E/ 1957 ns/ 1998 d/ ftueko 2 fwbhnB s'A 11H2 fwbhnB dh iB;zfynk ft~u
tkXk j'fJnk, jo ;kb 60,000 ftneshnK dk tkXk j' iKdk j? fiBK Bz{ Bt/A nktk; gqdkB eoD dh Io{os
j[zdh j?. fJ~e :{H n?BH nkJhH dh fog'oN d/ nB[;ko fd~bh dh iB;zfynk d/ brGr 70# ftnesh fBwB;so
dhnK gfo;fEshnK ft~u ofjzd/ jB. d/P dhnK rzdhnK p;shnK dh 1998 ft~u brGr 50 fwbhnB

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