Page 274 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN BroheoD ns/ iksh
BroheoD ns/ iksh (urbanization and Caste): BroheoD, f;~fynk ns/ ftneshrs T[gbpXh
BroheoD ns/ iksh
BroheoD ns/ iksh
BroheoD ns/ iksh
(individual achievement) ns/ nkX[fBe ;fEsh t~b nfGw[yheoD dk ftek; (development of an
orientation) iksh dh gfjukD Bz{ x~N eodk j?. Bro d/ b'e nfij/ ;zpzXK d/ ikb (networks) ft~u Gkr
b?Ad/ jB fiBK ft~u eJh ikshnK d/ ftnesh j[zd/ jB. oiBh e'mkoh d/ nB[;ko, ftnesh d/ gqsh tckdkoh
dh EK fJ~e d{i/ Bz{ e~ND tkbhnK tckdkohnK B/ b? bJh j?. nKdo/ fps/Jh B/ fejk j? fe g~Swh ozr ft~u
ozr/ j'J/ nfGiB (elite) ft~u tor d/ pzXB iksh d/ pzXBK s'A fes/ nfXe wj~stg{oD j[zd/ jB.
e[M ikshnK d/ f;~fyns w?Apo, i' nkX[fBe eko'pkoK ft~u jB, ed/ ed/ dpkn ;w{j (pressure group)
d/ o{g ft~u ;zrfms j' iKd/ jB. fJ; gqeko fJ~e iksh d{i/ dpkn ;w{jK d/ Bkb okiBhfse ns/ nkofEe
;z;kXBK bJh fJ~e ;w{fje fJekJh (corporate body) dh soK w[ekpbk eodh j?. fJ; gqeko dk ;zrmB
fJ~e BthA gqeko dh pikJ/ ;wkfie torK dh soK nfXe ezw eodk j?.
fJ~e j'o gfotosB i' n~ie~b n;hA d/yd/ jK Uj j? T[gikshnK dk ftbn (fusion) ns/ ikshnK dk ftbn.
e'b/Avk (1984L150^151) B/ fszB gqeko d/ ftbn dh gfjukD ehsh j?L (i) o[Irko ft~u ns/ Pfjo dh pikJ/
BthnK p;shnK ft~u ftfGzB T[gikshnK ns/ ikshnK d/ ftnesh fJ~e d{i/ Bz{ fwbd/ jB. Uj nkw s"o
s/ brGr pokpo doi/ d/ j[zd/ jB ns/ fJBK ft~u gV"; dh iK dcso ;w{j dh J/esk ftef;s j[zdh j?.
fJ; soK dh uhI t~v/ PfjoK ft~u ;oekoh p;shnK ft~u nkw o{g ft~u gkJh iKdh j?l (ii) nzso^T[g^iksh
ftnkj j[zd/ jB ns/ fJ; Bkb T[gikshnK d/ ftbn Bz{ gq's;kjB fwbdk j?. fJj fJ; bJh j[zdk j? fe eJh
tko f;~fyne g[~soh bJh nkgDh jh T[giksh ft~u uzrk f;~fyns to BjhA fwbdk, gqzs{ BIdhe dh T[giksh
ft~u fwb iKdk j?l (iii) b'esKsfoe okiBhsh (democratic politics) T[gikshnK ns/ ;fBzeN pD ;e/.
fJ; dk fJ~e T[dkjoD sfwbBkv{ d/ dqftV w[BzNk eIrw (vhH n?wH e/H) ns/ nzBk dqftV w[BzNk eIrw
(J/H vhH n?wH e/H) d/ dbK dk j? fiBK dk ;zrmB T[Zu r?o pqkjwD ikshnK d/ w?ApoK d[nkok ehsk frnk j?.
Pfjo d/ b'e iksh d/ gqshwkBK d/ nB[;ko g{oh soK BjhA ubd/. ykD^gkD ;zpzXK, fttkfje ;zpzXK ns/
eko'pkoh ;zpzXK ft~u gfotosB j'fJnk j?. fpjko ft~u iksh ftt;Ek d/ fJ~e nfXn?B ft~u fJj gkfJnk
frnk j? fe BroheoD B/ iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ;G ftP/PsktK Bz{ ;wkB o{g Bkb gqGkfts BjhA ehsk j?.
gzi ftfGzB ikshnK (pqkjwD, X'ph, okig{s, njho ns/ uwko) d/ 200 ftneshnK d/ nfXn?B ft~u fJj
gkfJnk frnk fe ;G B/ nkgDh jh iksh ft~u ftnkj ehsk ;h, ukj/ PfjoK ft~u ofj oj/ b'eK ft~u'A 20#
nzsoiksh ftnkjK d/ g~y ft~u ;B. fJ; s'A T[bN g/Av{ y/soK ft~u 5H0# ;B. eko'pko d/ ;zpzX ft~u Pfjo
ft~u fJ~e th T[Zsodksk nkgDh gkozgfoe iksh d/ Xzd/ ft~u BjhA ;h, id'A fe g/Av{ y/soK ft~u 81H0#
T[Zsodksk ni/ th nkgD/ gkozgfoe XzfdnK Bkb i[V/ j'J/ ;B. fJ;/ gqeko iksh J/esk g/Av{ y/soK dh pikJ/
Pfjoh y/soK ft~u J/Bh wIp{s BjhA ;h. ikshnK dh gzukfJsK PfjoK ft~u pj[s ewI'o ;B. X[o/ (1952),
egkVhnk (1959), pkoBtk;, :'r/Ado f;zx, nkoH e/H w[yoih, PqhfBtk;, :'r/P nNb ns/ n?;H ;hH d[p/
B/ th iksh T[Zs/ BroheoD d/ gqGkt dk T[b/y ehsk j?.
BroheoD ns/ n"osK dh gq;fEsh
BroheoD ns/ n"osK dh gq;fEsh
BroheoD ns/ n"osK dh gq;fEsh (Urbanization and Status of Women)L LL L n"osK dh ;fEsh
BroheoD ns/ n"osK dh gq;fEsh L
BroheoD ns/ n"osK dh gq;fEsh
g/Av{ y/soK dh s[bBk ft~u Pfjoh y/soK ft~u nfXe T[Zuh j?. s[bBkswe o{g Bkb Pfjoh n"osK nfXe
f;~fyne ns/ T[dko jB. g/Av{ y/soK ft~u 25H1# ;kyo n"osK d/ w[ekpb/ Pfjoh y/soK ft~u 1991 ft~u
54# n"osK ;B. UBK ft~u'A e[M ezwekih th ;B. fJ; gqeko UBK B/ Bz{ e/tb nkgD/ nkofEe, ;wkfie
ns/ okiBhfse nfXekoK dh ikDekoh ;h pbfe Uj nkgD/ nfXekoK dk T[g:'r nkgD/ nkg Bz{ ngwkfBs
ns/ P'fPs j'D s'A puD bJh th eodhnK ;B. bVehnK dh PfjoK ft~u ftnkj d/ ;w/A n";s T[wo th fgzvK
ft~u ftnkj dh n";s T[wo s'A nfXe ;h.
fco th Pqw pIko ft~u n"osK ni/ th gqshe{b ;fEsh ft~u jB. Pqw pIko ft~u n"osK d/ fto[ZX g~ygksh
fttjko ngDkfJnk iKdk j? ns/ w"e/ th ;wkBsk d/ fto[~X j[zd/ jB. w'e/ dh ;wkBsk Bz{ fJ; ;zdoG ft~u
ftnkge o{g ft~u ;wfMnk ik ;edk j?. fJ; ft~u o[irko, f;~fynk ns/ T[ZBsh d/ w"fenK dh ;wkBsk
nkUAdh j?. fJ; o{g ft~u Pqw pIko ft~u, fi~E/ fbzr ft:'iB j?, gfotosB ;zGt BjhA feUAfe Pqw pIko
d/ YKu/ fJj wzB e/ ubd/ jB fe n"osK dh ihtB^ftq~sh (career) d/ ;o{gK ftu nkw s"o s/ nzsokb nkUAd/
jB ns/ fJ; s'A T[bN g[oPK d/ ;kXkoD ihtB^ftq~sh d/ ;o{gK (patterns) ft~u fBozsosk (continuity)

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