Page 269 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
d/ BthB ftukoK Bkb gqtk;hnK d/ ;zgoe d[nkok gqGkfts j' e/ Uj g[okD/ ftPtk;K ns/ e'fPPK ft~u BØN
nftPtk; gqrN eod/ jB ns/ fJ; gqeko d/ Bt/A o[yK ns/ ihtBP?bhnK Bz{ ngDk b?Ad/ jB i' UBK
dh nkofEe gqfsPmk (status) Bz{ tXkUD ft~u ns/ ;kwzi; dhnK ;w~f;nktK Bz{ fBpNkUD ft~u UBK
dh wdd eod/ jB. gfotko ns/ gV"; dk gqGkt x~N j' iKdk j? ns/ ftneshnK ft~u fJ; gqPB
T[Zs/, fe fttjko eoD dk ‘;jh’ sohek eh j?, MrVk j' iKdk j?.
2H ekoi ns/ fttjko dh ftP/P~rsk (Specialisation of function and behaviour)L Bro dh
iB;zfynk dh fGzBsk ns/ T[; dk t~vk nkeko ftP/P~rsk d/ ftek; Bz{ T[s;kfjs eodk j?. feUAfe
Bro ft~u ihtB d/ eJh gfjb{ j[zd/ jB ns/ fJ~e ftnesh UBK ft~u'A e[M ft~u jh Gkr b? ;edk j?
sK Uj u[DB:'r (choosy) j' iKdk j? ns/ e/tb e[M jh y/soK ft~u o{uh b?Adk j?. ekoi ft~u ftP/
P~rsk fGzB fGzB ihtB d/ ;o{gK Bz{ T[s;kfjs eodh j?. T[dkjoD bJh, vkeNoK, fJzihfBnoK,
tgkohnK, tehbK, gqPk;eK, ekoykfBnK d/ wId{oK, nfXnkgeK, pkp{nK ns/ g[fb; eowhnK d/
fGzB ihtB ;o{g, fGzB nfGo{uhnK ns/ fGzB ihtB^doPB j[zd/ jB.jo ftP/P~r ;w{j ;wki Bz{
nkgDk :'rdkB fdzdk j? ns/ fJ; gqeko fwjBs dk ftGkiB j' iKdk j?. fJ; gqeko d/ Pqw dk
ftGkiB fJ~e ftnesh Bz{ nkgD/ frnkB ns/ ywsktK dh s[bBk ft~u nfXe ftnkge ;/tktK s'A
bkGKfts eodk j?. Bro ft~u jo ftnesh ftP/P~rK fit/A vkeNoK, fw;sohnK, d[ekBdkoK,
doihnK, X'phnK nkfd T[Zs/ fBoGo j' iKdk j?. T[; Bz{ jo eko'pko dh seBhe Bz{ f;~yD dh Io{os
BjhA j[zdh.

ftP/P~rsk ftnesh Bz{ ezw eoD, nkgD/ nkg Bz{ nfGftnes eoD ns/ nkgDhnK nzsoPeshnK Bz{
ftef;s eoD d/ ftftX w"e/ gqdkB eodh j?. ukj/ ;zgoe ngqXkB ns/ n"gukfoe j' iKd/ jB ns/
;w{fje ihtB pshs eoD ns/ ;w{fje ;zpzXK dh GktBk ysw j' iKdh j?.
fJ~e nfijh ;wkfie ftt;Ek ft~u fi~E/ iB;zfynk ft~u fGzBsk j? ns/ fttjko d/ ;o{gK ft~u
ftftXsk j?, T[ZE/ fJ~e fBPfus gfo;fEshnK ft~u T[fus fttjko d/ eJh ftebgK d/ j'D Bkb
GqKshnK T[sgzB j'D dh nfXe ;zGktBk j[zdh j?. T[dkjoD bJh, fJ~e ftfdnkoEh d{i/ ftfdnkoEh Bz{
nB[fus ;kXBK dk gq:'r eo e/ gqEw Pq/Dh ft~u nkUAdk j'fJnk d/ydk j? sK Uj ;'udk j? fe eh T[;
Bz{ th Ujh uhI eoBh ukjhdh j?< fJ~e ftnesh d{i/ ftnesh Bz{ 10,000 o[gJ/ fdzd/ j'J/ ns/ g[fb;
T[g^fBohye dh B"eoh fwbd/ j'J/ d/ydk j?. T[; Bz{ Gqw (confusion) j' iKdk j? fe eh T[; Bz{ fJ;
wkwb/ dh ogN eokUDh ukjhdh j? ns/ foPts b?D tkb/ Bz{ frocsko eotk d/Dk ukjhdk j? iK T[;
Bz{ T[dk;hBsk dk o[y ngBkUDk ukjhdk j?. Bro d/ ihtB ft~u fJj B?fse, ;wkfie ns/ ekBz{Bh
d[ftXktK pj[s fInkdk j[zdhnK jB.
3H r[wBkwh ns/ ftnefsesk (Anonymity and Impersonality)L Bro ft~u iB;zfynk dh Gkoh
xDsk (high population density) ftnefse gfjukD Bz{ BPN eodh j? fi; d/ cb;o{g
fJ~ebkgD brdk j? ns/ ftnesh dk fe;/ ftP/P Bkb ;zpzX j'D dh GktBk ysw j' ikdh j?. ;?AeV/
ftnesh f;B/wk xo ft~u f;B/wk d/yD iKd/ jB, fJ~em/ nkBzd b?Ad/ jB ns/ j;d/ jB, gqzs{ id'A f;B/
wk ysw j[zdk j? sK ;w{fje wB't/r (common emotions) r[wBwh ns/ nftnefsesk s'A gfofDs
(disintegrate) j' iKd/ jB. d{i/ gk;/ fJj r[wBkwh jh ftneshrs ;[szsosk dk wow (crux) j?.
d{finK ft~u o{uh dk nGkt fJ~e ftnesh Bz{ nB[o{gsk (conformity) d/ Gkoh dpktK s'A w[es
eokUAdk j?. eJh gqeoDK ft~u T[; dh d{finK d/ gqsh fIzw/dkoh g?;k G[rskB eoD Bkb ysw j' iKdh
j?. id'A Uj fJ~e ebp fij/ ;t?fS~e ;w{j dk th w?Apo pDdk j? sK T[; ;w/A th T[; dk ;fj:'r
fBT{Bsw j' ;edk j?. T[; Bz{ d{i/ w?ApoK dh ;thfeqsh gqkgs eoD dh Io{os BjhA j[zdh, ns/ Bk jh
T[; dhnK fJ~SktK d/ nB[o{g nkgD/ nkg Bz{ YkbD dh. Uj d{finK Bz{ ukj/ d/ydk (observe) oj/, gqzs{
fJj Io{oh BjhA fe UBK dhnK gq/oDktK (stimuli) s'A gqGkfts j't/.
r[wBkfwsk dk fJ~e bkG fJj j? fe ftneshnK dh goy UBK d/ wksk fgsk d/ fBwB tor d/ gd d/
nB[;ko BjhA j[zdh gqzs{ T[; dk nKebD (evaluation) nke;few ;zgoeK ft~u UBK d/ fdyD^pDB
(appearance) ns/ fttjko s'A j[zdk j?. Bro d/ ihtB dh r[wBkwh ns/ nftnefsesk fJ~e

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