Page 273 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
fJekJh^14L ;wekbhB Gkos ft~u ;wkfie gfotosB
BroheoD ns/ gfotko
BroheoD ns/ gfotko L BØN
BroheoD ns/ gfotko (Urbanization and Family)L LL L BroheoD e/tb gfotko d/ YKu/ Bz{ jh
BroheoD ns/ gfotko
BroheoD ns/ gfotko
gqGkfts BjhA eodk pbfe Uj gfotko d/ nzdo{Bh ns/ nzso^gfotko ;zpzXK ns/ UBK ekoiK Bz{ i' gfotko
eodk j?, Bz{ th gqGkfts eodk j?. Pfjoh gfotkoK T[Zs/ nkJhH ghH d/;kJh, egkVhnk ns/ n?bB ok;
(Aillen Ross) fij/ ftdtkBK d[nkok ehs/ rJ/ nB[Gkfte nfXn?BK B/ d~f;nk j? fe Pfjoh ;z:[es gfotko
dh EK j"bh j"bh J/ekeh gfotko b? fojk j?, gfotko dk nkeko S'Nk j' fojk j? ns/ foPs/dkoh d/ ;zpzX e/
tb d' iK fszB ghVhnK s~e ;hfws j' rJ/ jB. r[ioks ft~u wj[tk e;p/ ft~u 1955^57 ft~u 423 gfotkoK
T[Zs/ ehs/ rJ/ nfXn?B ft~u nkJhH ghH d/;kJh (1964) B/ gkfJnk fe 5# gfotko J/ekeh ;B (fBtk;h
o{g ns/ gqekoikswe o{g Bkb), 74# fBtk;h o{g Bkb J/ekeh ;B gqzs{ gqekoikswe o{g Bkb iK w{b r~bK
ft~u (;zgsh) ;z:[es ns/ 21# fBtk; ns/ ekoi (functioning) ns/ ;zgsh ft~u ;z:[es ;B. 95H0#
;z:[es gfotkoK ft~u'A (ezw ns/$iK ;zgsh, ns/$iK fBtk; ft~u ;z:[es) 27# gqeoDK ft~u ;z:[es j'D dk
o{g x~N ;h (Uj ezw eoD ft~u jh ;z:[es ;B), 17H0# gqeoDK ft~u ;z:[es j'D dk o{g T[Zu ;h. (noEks
Uj ezw eoD ns/ ;zgsh d/ wkwfbnK ft~u ;z:[es ;B), 30# gqeoDK ft~u ;z:[es j'D dk o{g T[Zuso ;h
(noEks Uj ezw eoD, ;zgsh ns/ nktk; d/ wkwfbnK ft~u ;z:[es ;B gqzs{ Uj d' ghVh d/ gfotko ;B),
21H6# gqeoDK ft~u ;z:[es j'D dk o{g T[Zusw ;h (noEks Uj nktk;, ezw ns/ ;zgsh ft~u ;z:[es ;B
ns/ Uj fszB ghVh d/ gfotko ;B). fJj fdykUAdk j? fe ukj/ Pfjoh gfotko dk YKuk pdb fojk j? gqzs{
gfotkoK ft~u ftneshtkd dh GktBk BjhA tXh j?.
egkVhnk (1959) B/ 1955 ft~u r[ioks ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh (Bt;koh) y/soK ft~u 1,162 gfotkoK d/
nfXn?B ft~u d~f;nk fe id'A g/Av{ y/soK ft~u d' J/ekeh gfotkoK d/ fg~S/ fszB ;z:[es gfotko ;B, Broh
y/soK ft~u J/ekeh gfotko ;z:[es gfotkoK s'A 10# nfXe ;B. n?bhB ok; B/ (1961) 1957 ft~u pzrb"o
ft~u w~X ns/ T[Zu torK d/ 157 fjzd{ gfotkoK d/ nfXn?B ft~u gkfJnk fe (i) fszB gzuw (three-fifth)
gfotko J/ekeh ;B ns/ d' gzuw gfotko ;z:[esl (ii) ;z:[es gfotkoK ft~u 70# S'N/ ;z:[es gfotko ;B
(dzgsh ns/ nfttkfjs p~u/ ns/ p~funK d/ Bkb fttkfjs g[~so iK p~funK d/ Bkb d' iK d' s'A nfXe fttkfjs
GkJh) ns/ 30H0# t~v/ ;z:[es gfotko ;B (nfttkfjs p~funK d/ wksk fgsk ns/ nfttkfjs p~u/ ns/
p~funK d/ Bkb fttkfjs g[~so)l (iii) n~i dh gqftq~sh (trend) gkozgfoe ;z:[es gfotko s'A nb~r j' e/ J/
ekeh gfotko fJekJh t~b j?l (iv) Pfjoh Gkos ft~u j[D S'Nk ;z:[es gfotko gfotkfoe ihtB dk ;otkfXe
gqshfBfXe o{g j?l (v) gfotko d/ o{gK dk fJ~e u~eo (cycle) j[zdk j?l (vi) ftneshnK dh tXdh j'Jh ;zfynk
j[D nkgD/ ihtB dk x~N s'A x~N fJ~e fj~;k J/eb (single) fJekJhnK ft~u pshs eod/ jBl ns/ (vii)
ftnesh d/ d{o d/ ;zpzXhnK Bkb ;zpzX N[~N oj/ jB iK ewI'o j' oj/ jB.
nkoH e/H w[yoih (1973) B/ th g~Swh pzrkb ft~u (1960^61) ft~u 4,120 gfoktkoK d/ nfXn?B d/ nkXko
s/ fejk j? fe ;z:[es gfotko dk J/ekeh gfotko d[nkok gqsh;EkgB (replacement) fJ~e Io{oh gqfeqnk
j?.

nzs ft~u, ukj/ gfotkfoe ns/ nzso gfotkfoe ;zpzXK ft~u th gfotosB nk fojk j?, gqzs{ fJ; dk noE
fJj BjhA j? fe p~u/ nkgD/ t~fvnK dk j[D nkdo BjhA eod/, iK p~u/ nkgD/ wksk fgsk ns/ GkJh G?DK t~b
nkgD/ eos~tK Bz{ fXnkB BjhA eod/, iK gsBhnK nkgD/ gshnK d/ nfXeko Bz{ u[B"sh fdzdhnK jB.
wj~stg{oD gfotosB fJj j? fe ‘gsh gqXkB’ (husband-dominant) gfotko dk ;EkB
;wsktkdh$;wkBtkdh (equalitarian) gfotko b? fojk j? fi; ft~u fBoDk b?D dh gqfeqnk ft~u gsBh th
Gkr b?Adh j?. wksk fgsk th p~funK T[Zs/ nkgD/ nfXeko BjhA E'gd/ jB ns/ Bk jh p~u/ n~yK pzd eo e/
nkgD/ wksk fgsk d/ nkd/PK dk gkbD eod/ jB. p~funK dk o[y vo dh pikJ/ nkdo s'A gq/fos j[zdk j?.
nkJhH ghH d/;kJh B/ th fJj wzfBnk j? fe “:[tk ns/ p[~YhnK ghVhnK ft~u sBkt d/ pkti{d p~funK dk
nkgD/ gfotko Bkb brkt ftob/ jh ewI'o j[zdk j?.” gqzs{ ok; d/ ftuko ft~u “gfotko d/ gqsh eos~t dhnK
GktBktK ns/ gfotko d/ w?ApoK gqsh GktBkswe brkt fBPfus o{g Bkb ewI'o j' ikDr/ ns/ fgsq;~sk
(authority of the partiarch) ysw j' ikt/rh. id'A nfijk j't/rk sK ;zpzXhnK d/ ns/ t~v/ ;w{j ft~u
gfjukD bJh e[M th pkeh BjhA ofj ikt/rk.” ;kvk nkgDk ftuko j? fe Pfjoh Gkos ft~u (ns/ fJ; ftP/
ft~u ;ko/ Gkos ft~u) gfotko ed/ th BjhA N[~N/rk gqzs{ fJj fJ~e PeshPkbh fJekJh pfDnk oj/rk.

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