Page 266 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN (iv) HHHHHHHHHH B/ sK ;kbkBk ftek; ft~u S/ o[ektNK dh ftnkfynk ehsh j?.
(v) HHHHHHHHHHH Bk sK nkofEe ftek; s'A gfjbK j[zdk j? Bk pknd ft~u.
(vi) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH o{uhnK ns/ ftftXsk d/ pkti{d Bk e/tb ihfts oj/rh pbfe ftef;s th j[zdh
oj/rh.

14H3 T[d:'rheoD ns/ PfjoheoD T[d:'rheoD ns/ PfjoheoD
14H3
14H3 T[d:'rheoD ns/ PfjoheoD
14H3
14H3 T[d:'rheoD ns/ PfjoheoD T[d:'rheoD ns/ PfjoheoD (Industrialisation and Urbanization)
T[d:'rK d/ ftek; B/ j;sfPbg Bz{ ysw eo fd~sk ns/ ihtB^fBotkj bJh nD^;[DhnK ftXhnK dk gq:'r
ehsk ikD b~rk. eko'pkoh rshPhbsk ns/ g?fsqe fgzvK s'A ikD dh gqfeqnk B/ iksh d/ UBK wkBdzvK Bz{ s'VBk
P[o{ eo fd~sk fiBK dk ftnkj Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ;h. T[d:'rheoD Bkb :ksk:ks d/ Bt/A ;kXB th
ftef;s j'J/. cb;o{g, p;K ns/ o/bK ft~u tXdh j'Jh GhV Bkb ftfGzB ikshnK d/ b~yK dh ;zfynk ft~u b'eK
d/ fJ~e d{i/ Bkb T[ZmD^p?mD d/ ekoD ;z;feqfse gft~sosk (ritual purity) ysw fijh j' rJh/. fit/A fit/A
T[d:'fre wId{o nkgD/ gfotko fgzvK ft~u S~v e/ PfjoK ft~u iK T[d:'fre y/soK ft~u ik e/ ftfGzB ikshnK
d/ b'eK Bkb fJ~e jh wekB ft~u ofjD b~r/, T[t/A T[t/A ykD^ghD d/ fBP/X th x~N gqGkth j[zd/ rJ/.
fco th, T[d:'rheoD dk gqGkt fJ~e pokpo BjhA j'fJnk j? ns/ iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ;G ftP/PsktK fJ;
Bkb g{oh soK gqGkfts BjhA j'JhnK jB. T[dkjoD bJh, fJ; dk ftnkj T[Zs/ ns/ iksh d/ wkBdzvK T[Zs/
e'Jh gqGkt BjhA fgnk j?. fJ; dk ekoD PkfJd fJj j? fe ;wkfie w[~bK dhnK iVK pj[s rfjohnK jB.
gqzs{ fJ; ft~u e'Jh P~e BjhA fe iksh ;zouBk T[Zs/ T[d:'rheoD dk gqGkt Io{o fgnk j?.
e[M ftdtkBK dk ftPtk; ;h fe T[d:'rheoD Bkb nkgD/ nkg jh iksh ftt;Ek ysw j' ikt/rh ns/ fJ;
dh EK s/ j"bh j"bh tor ftt;Ek nk ikt/rh i' fe g~Swh ftef;s T[d:'fre ;wkiK ft~u gkJh iKdh j?.
fJ~e j~d s~e fJj T[whd ns/ d{ofdqPNh fJ; ftPtk; Bkb g?dk j'Jh fe wPhBheoD ns/ T[sgkdB ft~u
okPNoh GktBk dk gq:'r ;wkfie gfotosB dk fJ~e ;o's j?. gqzs{ ;wkfie gfotosB Bkb ;zpzfXs fJj
XkoDk e/tb nkofEe g~y jh g/P eodh j?. ;wkfie gfotosB dk ;wkfie ;zouBkswe ns/ iB;zfynkswe
g~y th j?. T[d:'fre ;wki dk g{oh soK p[~Xh;zrs (rational) ;wki j'Dk Io{oh BjhA j?.
fgSb/ e[M dPeK ft~u iB;zfynk ft~u tkX/ d/ Bkb Bkb, iB;zfynk dk g/Av{ y/soK s'A Broh y/soK ft~u
;EkBKsoD (shift) th j'fJnk j?. tXd/ j'J/ BroheoD Bkb ngokX ns/ pkb^ngokX, wfdokgkB ns/
BPhbhnK t;sK dk ;/tB, fojkfJP ft~u ewh, GhV^GkV ns/ rzdhnK p;shnK, p/o[Irkoh ns/ rohph,
gqd{PD ns/ P'o, ;zuko ns/ :ksk:ks fB:zsoD fijhnK ;w~f;nktK g?dk j'JhnK jB. gqzs{ i/eo Bro sBkt
ns/ dpkn d/ ;EkB jB sK Uj ;~fGnsk ns/ ;z;feqsh d/ e/Ado th jB. Uj ;feqn (active), gqtofse
(innoative) ns/ ;iht (alive) jB. Uj fJ~e ftnesh Bz{ nkgDhnK fJ~SktK Bz{ g{ok eoD d/ w"e/ gqdkB
eod/ jB. i/eo ;kv/ d/P dk Gft~y g/Av{ y/soK d/ ftek; Bkb i[fVnk j? sK J/Bk jh Uj BroK ns/ wjKBroK
d/ y/soK d/ ftek; Bkb i[fVnk j?. gqzs{ fJBK ;w~f;nktK dk ftPb/PD eoD s'A gfjbK n;hA w{bG{s
ntXkoDktK Bz{ ;wMKr/.

Broh, BroheoD ns/ Bkrfosk dhnK ntXkoDktK
Broh, BroheoD ns/ Bkrfosk dhnK ntXkoDktK
Broh, BroheoD ns/ Bkrfosk dhnK ntXkoDktK
Broh, BroheoD ns/ Bkrfosk dhnK ntXkoDktK
Broh, BroheoD ns/ Bkrfosk dhnK ntXkoDktK
Broh
Broh (Urban)L LL L “Broh y/so” iK “Bro” eh j?< fJ; Ppd dk gq:'r d' noEK ft~u j[zdk j?^
Broh L
Broh
Broh
iB;Kfyneh o{g ft~u (demographically) ns/ ;wkiPk;soh o{g ft~u. gfjb/ noE ft~u iB;zfynk d/
nkeko, iB;zfynk dk ;zxDkgD (density) ns/ pkbr g[oPK ft~u'A fInkdkso d/ o[Irko d/ ;o{g T[Zs/ pb
fd~sk iKdk j?, id'A fe d{i/ noE ft~u, ftPwsk (heterogeneity), nftnefsesk (impersonality),
;fj^nkPfos (inter-dependence) ns/ ihtB dh r[Dt~sk (quality of life) T[Zs/ fXnkB e/Adfos ofjzdk
j?. iowB ;wkiPk;soh N'BhI (1957) B/ g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dktK ft~u fGzBsk ;wkfie ;zpzXK ns/ w[~bK
d[nkok d~;h j?. g/Av{ r/fwBP/cN (Gemeinschaft) ;w[dkJ/ Uj j? fi; ft~u ;wkfie pzXB e[N[zp ns/
fw~sosk d/ BIdhe d/ ftneshrs pzXBK T[Zs/ nkXkfos j[zd/ jB ns/ gozgok, ;zs[bB (consensus) ns/
nD^n"gukfoesk T[Zs/ pb fd~sk iKdk j?. id'A fe Broh r?f;bP/cN (Gesellschaft) ;wki ft~u
nftnefse ns/ d'rb/ ;zpzX gqXkB j[zd/ jB ns/ ftneshnK ft~u ftukoK dk nkdkB^gqdkB n"gukfoe,

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