Page 280 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN BrogkfbektK dk nkgD/ ft~sh ;kXB y'iDk
BrogkfbektK dk nkgD/ ft~sh ;kXB y'iDk (Municipalities to Find own Financial
BrogkfbektK dk nkgD/ ft~sh ;kXB y'iDk
BrogkfbektK dk nkgD/ ft~sh ;kXB y'iDk
BrogkfbektK dk nkgD/ ft~sh ;kXB y'iDk
Resources)LL LL L ftnesh BrogkfbektK Bz{ eo d/D ft~u nkg~sh BjhA eod/ i/eo UBK dk g?;k ;VeK d/
o~y^oykt bJh, BkbhnK dh ftt;Ek bJh, gkDh dh ewh Bz{ x~N eoD bJh ns/ fpibh T[gbpX eotkUD
bJh mhe gqeko Bkb tofsnk ikt/.fJj r~b ;G Bz{ gsk j? fe BroK ft~u ;kXBK dh ewh j?. i/eo
Brogkfbek d/ fGqPN eowukohnK Bz{ fBtkoe (deterrent) dzv fd~sk ikt/ sK e'Jh ekoD BjhA fe
Brogkfbek fBrwK Bz{ Brotk;hnK s'A g?;k iwk eoD ft~u e'Jh efmBkJh j't/. fJ~e Bro Bz{ nkgD/ ftek;
T[Zs/ ehs/ rJ/ you dk Gko nkg b?Dk ukjhdk j?. oki ;oeko d[nkok Gkoh ft~sh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoBk
w[Pfeb j[zdk ik fojk j?. ;zgsh, gkDh ns/ fpibh d/ eoK Bz{ ;zP'fXs eo e/ g?;k fJ~emk ehsk ik ;edk
j? ns/ Io{oh ;[y^;[ftXktK gqdkB eoD bJh nfXe g?;k gqsh ftnesh gqsh ;kb T[gbpX eokfJnk ik ;edk
j?. id'A e'Jh BtK T[d:'r iK tgko Bro ft~u iK T[; d/ x/o/ ft~u brkfJnk iKdk j? sK T[; T[Zs/ Gkoh
eo brkfJnk ik ;edk j? fi; Bkb fe Brogkfbek Bz{ j'o XB gqkgs j' ;e/.
fBih gfotjB Bz{ gq's;kjB
fBih gfotjB Bz{ gq's;kjB (Encouraging Private Transport)L LL L Bro gfotjB T[Zs/ oki dk
fBih gfotjB Bz{ gq's;kjB
fBih gfotjB Bz{ gq's;kjB L
fBih gfotjB Bz{ gq's;kjB
J/ekfXeko feUA j'Dk ukjhdk j?< id'A gfotjB oki eowukohnK d[nkok ubkfJnk iKdk j? sK fJj gkfJnk
iKdk j? fe Uj pj[s pdswhI ns/ em'o fjodk j' iKd/ jB. Nq/v :{fBnB dk ;woEB UBK Bz{ tko tko
jVskb T[Zs/ ikD Bz{ T[s;kfjs eodk j?. fJ; bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe fBih gfotjB Bz{ T[s;kfjs ehsk
ikt/. fBih y/so ft~u ubkJh rJh p; ns/ N?Ag' ;/tktK e[M nfXe feokfJnk t;{b eoDrhnK gqzs{ :ksoh
nfXe uzrhnK ;/tktK Bz{ d/yd/ j'J/ fJ; T[Zs/ nkg~sh BjhA eoDr/.
feokfJnk fB:zsoD ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB
feokfJnk fB:zsoD ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB
feokfJnk fB:zsoD ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB (Amendment of Rent Control Acts)LL LL L ekBz{B, i' Bt/
feokfJnk fB:zsoD ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB
feokfJnk fB:zsoD ekBz{BK ft~u ;zP'XB
A wekB pDkUD iK wekBK d/ feokJ/ d/D T[Zs/ o'e brkUAd/ jB, ft~u ;zP'XB eoBk ukjhdk j?. fejVk nfijk
wekB wkfbe j't/rk i' d' ewfonK d/ wekB T[Zs/ brGr fJ~e b~y o[fgnk brkt/ ns/ T[; Bz{ d; s'A thj
;kb bJh 300 o[gJ/ feokJ/ T[Zs/ d/t/ ns/ T[; e'b fJj nfXeko th Bk j't/ fe Uj feokfJnk tXk ;e/ iK
T[fus ekoDK d/ j[zd/ j'J/ th T[; Bz{ ykbh Bk eok ;e/. wjKokPNo ns/ oki;EkB B/ feokfJnk fB:zsoD
ekBz{B ft~u ;zP'XB eoD dh gfjb ehsh j? fi; Bkb jIkoK wekB feokJ/ T[Zs/ T[gbpX j' rJ/ jB. d{i/
okiK ft~u th fJ; gqeko d/ edw dk ;tkrs j't/rk.

fttjkfoe nktk;h Bhsh ngBkUDk
fttjkfoe nktk;h Bhsh ngBkUDk
fttjkfoe nktk;h Bhsh ngBkUDk (Adopting Pragmatic Housing Policy)LL LL L wJh 1988 ft~u e/Ado
fttjkfoe nktk;h Bhsh ngBkUDk
fttjkfoe nktk;h Bhsh ngBkUDk
;oeko B/ fJ~e okPNoh nktk;h Bhsh (National Housing Policy) pDkJh ;h fi; dk T[d/P Pskpdh d/ nzs
s~e nktk;jhDsk (homelessness) Bz{ ysw eoBk ;h ns/ nktk; dh r[D t~sk Bz{ tXk e/ fJ~e fBPfus x~N
s'A x~N ;so T[Zs/ fbnkUD ;h. fJj Bhsh fpbe[b nfttjkfoe brdh ;h. gqzs{ j[D fJj fJ~e nfijk ;[gBk
brdk j? i' ;zB 2010 s~e g{ok j'Dk n;zGt brdk j?. ;oekoh Bhsh ns/ :'iBk Bz{ nfXe fttjkfoe j'Dk ukjhdk
j?. fJ; dk noE fJj BjhA fe n?BH n?uH ghH dh gfoebgBk ftt/ejhD j?. n?BH n?uH ghH dh oDBhsh ftnkge
j?/. T[; ft~u fJj e'fPP ehsh rJh j? fe wekBK Bz{ pDkUD bJh ft~s ;obsk Bkb T[gbpX j' ;e/ ns/ IwhB
ns/ wekB pDkUD dk wkB T[fus ehwsK T[Zs/ fwb ;e/. T[; ft~u GtB fBowksktK Bz{ Bt/A gqeko d/ fBowkD
d/ ;kwkB dk gq:'r eoD bJh T[s;kfjs eoD dk T[d/P th j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk Uj G{^wbehns, G{wh nfXrqfjD
ns/ Brogkfbek d/ nfXfB:wK ns/ feokJ/ d/ ekBz{BK T[Zs/ g[Boftuko eoD dh e'fPP eodk j?. gqzs{ fJj ;G
g/uhdk ;w~f;nktK jB. n?BH n?uH ghH XBtkB ftek;eK, G{whgshnK ns/ m/e/dkoK t~b nfGw[y j?. n?BH n?uH
ghH Bz{ oki;h wekBK (luxurious) d/ pDB Bz{ fBo^T[s;kfjs eoBk ukjhdk j? ns/ ;fjekoh ns/ ;w{fjs nktk;h
;z;EktK Bz{ T[s;kfjs eoBk ukjhdk j?. T[; Bz{ rohpK ns/ x~N t/sB tkb/ ftneshnK bJh ftP/P :'iBktK
ftef;s eoBhnK ukjhdhnK jB. T[; Bz{ wkfbeK Bz{ eowukohnK bJh wekB pDkUD bJh T[s;kfjs eoBk ukjhdk
j?. T[; Bz{ nkgDh 100 eo'V o[gJ/ dh gqkfXfeqs g{zih, i' ft~sh Io{osK Bz{ fpbe[b g{ok BjhA eo gkt/rh, Bz{ tXkUDk
ukjhdk j?. id'A s~e fJ~e nfXe fttjkfoe n?BH n?uH ghH BjhA ngDkJh ikdh, T[d'A s~e fBoXkfos T[d/PK dh
gqkgsh n;zGt j't/rh.
;zouBkswe fte/AdoheoD
;zouBkswe fte/AdoheoD
;zouBkswe fte/AdoheoD (Structural Decentralisation)L L L L L Bt^gfotosB tkb/ (innovative)
;zouBkswe fte/AdoheoD
;zouBkswe fte/AdoheoD
nk:'ieK ns/ e[M nkw{b gfotosBtkdhnK (radicals) dk fJ~e gq;skt ;tk:~s Pk;B d/ jh ;zouBkswe
fte/AdoheoD dh ebgBk eodk j?. fJ; ft~u ‘gV';^feqnk ;w{jK’ (neighbourhood-action groups) dk

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