Page 282 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
14H4 ;ko nzP
14H4 ;ko nzP
14H4 ;ko nzP
14H4 ;ko nzP (Summary)
BØN 14H4 ;ko nzP
• gozgok ns/ nkX[fBesk ;fjtosh jB, fBozsosk ns/ gfotosB ;wkfie ihtB d/ nB[Gkfte s~E jB.
gozgok ns/ nkX[fBesk ;fjtosh fJ; bJh th jB feUAfe ;G ;wkiK ft~u ;fEosk ns/ ;wkfie
fB:zsoDK dh Io{os j[zdh j?. gfotosB s'A j'D tkbhnK wzrK ns/ u[B"shnK dk w[ekpbk eoD bJh,
frnkB ns/ seBheh ikDekoh d/ Bt/A ;soK Bz{ gqkgs eoD bJh nkX[fBesk ns/ gfotosB dh Io{os
j[zdh j?. fJBK gfo;fEshnK d/ ekoD ;wkfie gfotosB j[zdk j?. ;wkfie sBkt ns/ ;zxoP th
;wkfie gfotosB d/ ;o's jB. ;wkfie gfotosB p[I[or, B"itkB, f;~fyne, nf;~fyne ns/
Brotk;h ns/ g/Av{ d/ w[~bK ft~u nzso d/ ekoD th j[zd/ jB.
• ;wkfie gfotosB Bz{ ;wMD bJh g/Av{ ihtB, iksh, gfotko, Pfjoh ihtB ns/ ;wkfie, ;z;feqfse
wkDeK ns/ w[~bK T[Zs/ BIo gkUD dh Io{os j?. iiwkBh ftt;Ek j[D ftfGzB ikshnK ft~u ekoikswe
nzsofBoGosk dh ftt;Ek BjhA j?. fgzvtk;hnK ft~u u[BktK d/ cb;o{g pj[s nfXe okiBhsheoD
ns/ r[Npzdh j' rJh j?. ftPkb noEftt;Ek ns/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ gqGkt d/ ekoD g/Av{ ihtB
pj[s nfXe gfotofss j' frnk j?. iksh n~i e/tb ykD^gkD d/ ;zpzXK, ftnkj d/ fB:wK ns/
ngft~sosk dhnK XkoDktK T[Zs/ nkXkfos nzso feqnk gqshwkBK d/ wkDeK s~e jh ;hfws BjhA j?, pbfe
iksh u[BktK ft~u fJ~e fjs ;w{j ns/ ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse rshPhbsk dk ;kXB pD u[eh j?.
• :[og ft~u gq'N/;N/AN ;[XkoK B/ g{zihtkd d/ T[d/ ns/ ftek; bJh ;wki dk fdqPNhe'D ns/ ;z;EktK ft~u
gfotosB d[nkok o;sk y'b fd~sk ;h. fJ;/ nkXko T[Zs/ “gq'N/;N/AN B?fsesk” dk ftek; j'fJnk i'
nkofEe ftek; bJh uzrk ;h. fJ; :{ogh xNBk d/ ftP/ ft~u fbyd/ j'J/ w?e; t/po B/ g{zihtkdh ;wki
dhnK UBK ;z;EktK T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j? i' g~Sw ft~u s/Ih Bkb nkofEe ftek; Bkb fwbdhnK jB.
• o';N/t
o';N/t B/ nkofEe ftek; dhnK gzi nt;EktK d~;hnK jBL (i) gozgokswe ;wki (ii) T[ZEkB (iii)
o';N/t
o';N/t
o';N/t
T[ZEkB (nkozG) (iv) seBheh gfog~esk dh gqftq~sh (v) T[Zu iB^T[gG'r.
• ;zouBkswe gfotosB s'A fpBK nkofEe ftek; ;zGt BjhA j?. f;zro fij/ ftdtkBK B/ wzfBnk j? fe
nftef;s d/PK ft~u nkofEe ftek; bJh T[d:'rheoD pj[s Io{oh j?. rohp nftef;s d/PK ft~u 60#
s'A 80# iB;zfynk y/sh ft~u b~rh j'Jh j?. UBK d/PK dk okPNoh t/sB ns/ gqsh ftnesh t/sB nfsnzs
fBwB j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh nfij/ d/PK d/ nkofEe ftek; bJh d' jh ftebg ofj iKd/ jBL (i) toswkB
y/sh gqXkB YKu/ ft~u ;[Xko eo e/ (noEks toswkB YKu/ d/ nzsors fBwB T[sgkdB Bz{ tXk e/) ns/ (ii)
;w[~u/ YKu/ Bz{ pdb e/, noEks y/sh s'A jN e/ T[d:'fre ftek; bJh br ikDk. fBPuk fJj eoBk j? fe
fejVk ftebg u[B"shg{oD j?. ;jh ftXh fJj j? fe d'jK T[Zs/ jh pb fd~sk ikt/.
• T[d:'rK d/ ftek; B/ j;sfPbg Bz{ ysw eo fd~sk ns/ ihtB^fBotkj bJh nD^;[DhnK ftXhnK dk
gq:'r ehsk ikD b~rk. eko'pkoh rshPhbsk ns/ g?fsqe fgzvK s'A ikD dh gqfeqnk B/ iksh d/ UBK wkBdzvK
Bz{ s'VBk P[o{ eo fd~sk fiBK dk ftnkj Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ;h. T[d:'rheoD Bkb :ksk:ks d/
Bt/A ;kXB th ftef;s j'J/. cb;o{g, p;K ns/ o/bK ft~u tXdh j'Jh GhV Bkb ftfGzB ikshnK d/ b~yK
dh ;zfynk ft~u b'eK d/ fJ~e d{i/ Bkb T[ZmD^p?mD d/ ekoD ;z;feqfse gft~sosk (ritual purity) ysw fijh
j' rJh/. fit/A fit/A T[d:'fre wId{o nkgD/ gfotko fgzvK ft~u S~v e/ PfjoK ft~u iK T[d:'fre y/soK ft~u
ik e/ ftfGzB ikshnK d/ b'eK Bkb fJ~e jh wekB ft~u ofjD b~r/, T[t/A T[t/A ykD^ghD d/ fBP/X th x~N gqGkth
j[zd/ rJ/.
• BroK dk n;fs~st gqkuhB ;w/A s'A fwbdk j? gqzs{ j[D/ jkb s~e Uj iB;zfynk d/ fJ~e S'N/ Gkr dh jh
nrtkJh eod/ ;B. fInkdkso ftneshnK dk ihtB w[~y o{g Bkb g/Av{ ;wki iK fgzv jh pDkUAd/ ;B.
BroK ns/ wjKBroK dk tkXk ftek; ns/ iB;zfynk d/ t~v/ Gkr dk Broh y/soK ft~u ikDk fgSb/ gzi
fJ~e dPeK dk jh ftP/P b~SD fojk j?. BroheoD T[d:'fre eqKsh dk jh Bshik ;h. fJ; B/ e/Adfos
;EkBK (centralised locations) T[Zs/ wId{oK dh t~vh ;zfynk dh wzr Bz{ T[sgzB ehsk.

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