Page 47 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
ns/ t/sB d/ nkXko s/ ehsh rJh j?. wkBsk fJj j? fe i/eo e'Jh ftP/P gqeko dk ;w{jheoD f;~fynk, eko'pko BØN
ns/ t/sB d/ ;zdoG ft~u ;wkB j? sK f;XKsK T[Zs/ Uj fBofws j[zd/ jB. Uj ;wkfie ;zrmB bJh wj~stg{oD
efjbKUD bJh jo ;w{j d/ w?Apo ;wo{gh j'D/ ukjhd/ jB id'A fe ftfGzB ;w{j ftPw.
fv;{Ik d/ ntb'eD d nB[;ko f;~fynk, eko'pko ns/ t/sB d/ ;'gkB fJ~e d{i/ Bkb ;fj ;zpzfXs jB.
gqzs{ fJBQK ft~u'A jo fJ~e dk fttjko iksh ;'gkB Bkb ;fj;zpzX wj~stg{oD BjhA j?. ;wkfie tor
;fEsh (eko'pkoh ;fEsh) fBPu/ dh f;~fynk ns/ gfotkfoe t/sB Bkb ;fj ;zpzfXs j?. uzvhrVQ bJh
;wkfie ;fEsh fJ~e nkXko G{s w[~b j? i' fe f;~fynk, eko'pkoh gqfsPmk ns/ gfotkfoe t/sB T[Zs/
nkXkfos j?.
fv;{Ik fbyd/ jB fe ;wkfie tor Bz{ ftneshnK dh fJ~e Pq/Dh d/ o{g ft~u gfoGkfPs ehsk ik ;edk j?.
fv;{Ik d/ nB[;ko eko'pkoh gqfsPmk tor ;fEsh dk ;G s'A nfXe ftPtk;:'r ;{ue j?. fGzB P/qDhnK d/
T[ZsodksktK dh nksw^gfjukD Bz{ th tor ;fEsh ;wMD bJh T[g:'r ft~u fbnKUAdk frnk j?. t;s{goe
e;"NhnK dk ftneshrs tor gfjukD d/ Bkb ;fj;zpzX j?. w[~y tor jB^ (1) T[Zu tor, (2) w~X tor,
(3) wId{o tor, (4) fBwB tor. fv;{Ik B/ ;~s eko'pkoh Pq/DhnK dk T[b/y th ehsk j? i' ftneshnK
d/ gdK d/ nkXko s/ fGzB torK Bkb fGzB soK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB.
PfjoK ft~u nB/e gqeko d/ eko'pkoh tor jB. fJj tor nfXnkgB, fufes;k ns/ ekBz{Bh ;/tk nkfd ezw
eod/ jB. eko'pkohnK Bz{ ;wkfie w[~b d/ nfXn?B d[nkok ;wkfie ;soheoD ns/ rshPhbsk dh gqfeqnk
d/ pko/ ft~u wj~stg{oD nzsofdqPNh gqkgs j' ;edh j?. J/Phnk d/ j'o d/PK dh s[bBk ft~u Gkos ft~u
eko'pkoh tor dk nB[gks swkw eowhnK d/ ;zdoG ft~u pj[s x~N j?. gqsh 10,000 eowhnK d/ fg~S/ Gkos
ft~u 171 eko'pkoh ekoi eosk jB. ikgkB ft~u 489, uhB ft~u 349, ;qhbzek ft~u 446, wb/Phnk ft~u
314 ns/ fcbhghB ft~u 294 gqsh d; jIko jB. fJj s~E th ;gPN j'fJnk j? fe T[Zu ikshnK d/ w?Apo
ns/ Pfjoh b'e eko'pkoK ft~u nfXe jB.
fJ; bJh T[Zu, T[Zu^w~X ns/ w~X tor d/ w?Apo eko'pkoK ft~u nfXeso nt;oK ns/ gdK T[Zs/ gqG[st
iwkJ/ j'J/ jB. T[Zu ;soh okiBhfse nfGiks th T[Zu ns/ T[Zu^w~X iksh ns/ tor d/ jB. fJj
s~E e[M ftP/P ftneshnK s'A fJbktk ;G okiBhfse dbK pko/ th ;~u j? gqzs{ jkb ft~u jh e[M ;kbK
ft~u okiBhsh ft~u Pfjoh XBh b'eK dk p'bpkbk tfXnk j?. nfyb Gkosh ns/ e/Adoh ;/tktK, w?vheb
ns/ fJzihBhnfozr eko'pkoK ft~u th e[M gfotosB fdykJh fdzdk j?. gzihfeqs T[d:'rK d/ brGr 70#
eowukoh PfjoK ft~u ofjzd/ jB. d|soK ft~u ezw eoB tkfbnK ft~u'A th nfXeso e;fpnK ns/ PfjoK
ft~u ofjzd/ jB.
e;fpnK ns/ PfjoK dh ;wkfie ;zouBk ft~u fBwBfbys tor gkJ/ iKd/ jB^ (1) ;ot^T[Zu ;soh tgkoh,
T[d:'rgsh ns/ B"eoPkj, (2) T[Zu t/sB tkb/ eko'pkoh, ftfrnkfBe ns/ seBheh b'e, T[d:'r ft~u
eko'pkoh gqpzXe ns/ t~v/ ;"dkro, (3) ;oekoh d|soK ns/ fBih cowK ft~u ezw eoB tkb/ fbfge ns/
fBwB ;soh nfXekoh, ;e{b d/ nfXnkge, g~soeko, ;zxoPos eko'pkoh, S'N/ d[ekBdko ns/ S'N/ ;so
d/ T[Zdwh, ns/ (4) wId{o tor, T[dkjoD bJh gqukbe ns/ ekohro, xo/b{ T[d:'rK d/ wId{o, ;/tk eoB
tkb/ wId{o, c/oh ns/ xVhtkb/, wekB fBowkD ns/ nf;~fyns wId{o.
n;hA fJj efj ;ed/ jK fe BroheoD dk noE g/Av{ y/soK s'A PfjoK t~b b'eK d/ gqt;B s'A j?. 20thA
;dh ft~u BroheoD dh do gfjbK d/ w[ekpb/ ek|h s/I ojh j?. BroheoD ns/ Broh ftek; dh rsh
n;wkB ojh j?. ;kXkoD o{g Bkb fJ; B/ g{o/ Gkos ns/ e[M y/soK T[Zs/ rzGho o{g Bkb gqGkt gkfJnk
j?. fe;/ y/so d/ ftek; ft~u e;fpnK ns/ PfjoK dh ;fEsh T[; y/so d/ nkofEe ftek; ft~u
wj~stg{oD s~E fojk j?. nzsokbB s'A fJbktk PfjoK d/ nkeko dk th pj[s wj~st fojk j?.fJBQK d'jK
ekoDK, nkeko ns/ ;fEsh s'A fgzv^Broh nzso feqnk fit/A gqt;B, Pfjoh pkIko Bz{ ;kwkB dh nkg{osh
ns/ PfjoK s'A T[gG'rsk t;sK dk fbnkUDk nkfd pj[s j~d s~e gqGkfts j[zdh ojh j?. fJ; gkm ft~u
n;hA g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dktK ft~u nzso, BroheoD dh gqfeqnk dh gqfeqsh ns/ tor dh ouBK d/
;zdoG ft~u Broh ;wkfie ;zouBk dh ftnkfynk ehsh j?.

41

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY