Page 92 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN iKdk j?. fJj ;zpzX ;~sk ns/ nXhBsk, nkofEe nkdkB^gqdkB, xo/b{ ;fj:'r, ;z;feqfse iK ;wko'j Bkb
i[V/ j'J/ j' ;ed/ jB, ns/ fJBK dh feqnkPhbsk nB/eK fGzB sohfenK ft~u ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJ; soK
Bks/dkoh dk noE UBK sohfenK ns/ ;kXBK s'A j? fiBK d/ d[nkok ;wkfie ftt;Ek Bz{ fJ~e ;o{g gqdkB
ehsk iKdk j?. gqzs{ Bks/dkoh T[ZsokfXeko, ;zgsh d/ j;sKsoD, d[GkiB ns/ ftGkiB dk th fJ~e f;XKs
j?. e[M nfXn?BK s'A gsk u~fbnk j? fe Gkosh fgzvK ft~u ikshnK, T[gikshnK, r's ns/ tzPktbh d/ ;wkBKso
“r[N” gkJ/ iKd/ jB. fJ; gqeko Bks/dkoh ft~u g{o/ ihtB dk ;wkt/P j[zdk j?. Bks/dkoh ftt;Ek Bz{ ;wMD
bJh ;wki dh GkPk, w[~b ns/ b'eK d/ fttjko Bz{ ;wMDk Io{oh j?. ftnesh Bz{ nkgD/ ihtB d/ pj[s ;ko/
;wkfie ;zpzXK Bz{ ;wMD bJh Bks/dkoh dh wdd b?Dh g?Adh j?. Bks/dkoh d[nkok fJ~e ghVh s'A d{ih ghVh
d/ b'eK Bz{ gq;fEsh ns/ ;zgsh j;sKsfos ehsh iKdh j?. fJj r~b ;G ;wkiK bJh ;jh j?^ ukj/ UBK dk
gq'd[:'fre ns/ T[d:'fre ftek; dk ;so e[M th feUA Bk j't/. nkX[fBe gqiksKsfoe ;wkiK ft~u th
gqGktekoh ;wkfie ;w{j Bks/dkoh T[Zs/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB.fJ; soK Bks/dkoh dh ifNbsk ns/ ftPkbsk dk
nfj;k; eod/ j'J/ w?fbB't;eh B/ fJ; Bz{ Bks/dkoh phirfDs dk BK fd~sk j?.

B'N; Bks/dkoh d/ nfXn?B dk wsbp wB[~y ihtB d/ nkXkoG{s s~EK fit/A ;zrwB, ;roGsktXh,
fgsq~st, ;wkiheoD, ;j'dosk nkfd d/ pko/ ft~u wB[~y dhnK feqnktK d/ nfXn?B s'A j?.

5H2H2
5H2H2 Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh
5H2H2 Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh
5H2H2
5H2H2 Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh
Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh ns/ Bks/dkoh fttjko d/ ft~u nzso;zpzX dh ftnkfynk eod/ j'J/ wov'e B/ Bks/dkoh
PpdK dhnK d' Pq/DhnK dk toDB ehsk j?.
(1) ;zp'XB Ppd ns/ (2) ;zdoG Ppd. ;zp'XB Ppd pzX[iBK d/ w~X ;z;feqfse fdqPNh Bkb gqshwkfBs
;zpzXK Bz{ ;wMD bJh nfGzB nzr j?. ;zdoG Ppd jo nfij/ ;zpzX ft~u gkJ/ ikD tkb/ fe;/ fJ~e gq;fEsh
Bz{ fJPkok eoD tkb/ d/ GkPkJh gqshe jB. feUAfe fe;/ th gq;fEsh Bz{ ;z;feqfse fdqPNh Bkb ng/fyns
fttjko d/ nkXko s/ gfoGkfPs ehsk ik ;edk j?. ;zdoG PpdK ns/ T[; ;zpzXsk fi; ft~u fJzfrs pzX[iB
nzsofeqnk eod/ jB, UBK ft~u BIdhe ekoikswe ;zpzXsk gkJ/ ikD d/ gqkrD[Gfte ekoD j[zd/ jB.
;zpzXhnK d/ Pkpfde torheoD ns/ ;wkfie torheoD d/ ft~u fBeN ;fj;zpzX gkfJnk frnk j?. gqzs{
Bks/dkoh PpdK ns/ fttjko gqshwkBK ft~u ;ot;wsk fBog~y BjhA j?. ftfGzB soK dhnK tk;sftesktK
T[Zs/ fJ~e torheoD Ppd bkr{ eoD ekoD nfijk nzso fdykJh fdzdk j?, fit/A fgsk dhnK ;kohnK gsBhnK
Bz{ “wksk” efj e/ ;zp'XB eoD ft~u nfijh efmBkJh nkUAdh j?.fJ;/ soK “ukuk”, ns/ “ukuh” fij/ Bks/
dkoh Ppd th T[fus ;zpzXK Bz{ BjhA fdykUAd/ jB, id'A s~e UBK Bz{ ;zdoGh PpdK ft~u ;gPN BjhA ehsk
iKdk. “ukuk” dk T[g:'r fgsk d/ GkJh, wK d/ GkJh, fgsk dh G?D d/ gsh nkfd Bz{ ;zp'fXs eoD ft~u
ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJfsjkf;e gqGktK, GkPkJh ftG/dK, wB'ftfrnkfBe gqfeqnktK, ftnkj d/ fB:wK nkfd
nB/e ekoDK d[nkok Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh dk fBoXkoD j[zdk j?. b{;h w/no B/ e[M wj~stg{oD Bks/dkoh PpdK
Bz{ fJ; gqeko gfoGkfPs ehsk j?^

pzX[iB^
pzX[iB^pzX[iB ftneshnK dk nfijk ;w{j j? i' nfjw Bkb tzPktfbe o{g Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB. UBK
pzX[iB^
pzX[iB^
1H pzX[iB^
b'eK Bz{ nfjw bJh ;KMh fIzw/dkoh j' ;edh j?.
wksq^fgsq ;zpzXh
wksq^fgsq ;zpzXh
wksq^fgsq ;zpzXh
2H wksq^fgsq ;zpzXhwksq^fgsq ;zpzXh^fJ~e ftnesh d/ wksq^fgsq ;zpzXh Uj b'e jB i' T[; Bkb “oes” d[nkok i[V/
j'J/ jB.
ftnkj ;zpzXh^
ftnkj ;zpzXh^
ftnkj ;zpzXh^fiBK ftneshnK dk ;zpzX fJ~e ftnesh Bkb ftnkj d[nkok ;Ekfgs j[zdk j? Uj
3H ftnkj ;zpzXh^ftnkj ;zpzXh^
T[; d/ ftnkj ;zpzXh efjbkUAd/ jB.
;fwPN ;w{j^
;fwPN ;w{j^
4H ;fwPN ;w{j^;fwPN ;w{j^
;fwPN ;w{j^fJj Uj ;w{j jB fiBK dk nkXko ;KMh ;zgsh dh wbehns j?.;fwPN ;w{j
fgsqtzPh iK wksqtzPh nkXko T[Zs/ fBofws j[zd/ jB.
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