Page 97 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^5L Bks/dkoh
fJekJh^5L Bks/dkoh
fJekJh^5L Bks/dkoh
fJekJh^5L Bks/dkoh
fJekJh^5L Bks/dkoh
BØN

Nk;e d~yD Gkos ft~u fe; gqeko dh Bks/dkoh gkJh iKdh j?<

fJ; gqeko ftnkj ns/ iBw d[nkok ;zpzXK ns/ ftP/P eo e/ ftfGzB ghVhnK ft~u pzX[iBK d/ ftt;EkgB
d/ ;zdoG ft~u d~yDh ns/ T[Zsoh pzX[st ftt;EktK ft~u nzso gkfJnk iKdk j?. d~yDh Bks/dkoh Ppdktbh
ft~u ghVh d/ f;XKs d/ nkXko s/ pzX[iBK dk fe;/ th gqeko dk ;gPN torheoD BjhA gkfJnk iKdk j?.
ghVh Bz{ fXZnkB ft~u o~y/ fpBK d~yD ft~u nkgD/ s'A t~v/ iK S'N/ j'D d/ nkXko s/ ;G ;zpzXhnK dk ftt;EkgB
ehsk iKdk j?. GkJhnK ns/ G?DK bJh dqftVhnB GkPktK ft~u e'Jh Ppd BjhA jB. gqzs{ S'N/ ns/ t~v/ GkJhnK
ns/ G?DK bJh Ppd jB. nB/e Ppd ;wkB o{g Bkb p'b/ iKd/ jB, fit/A (1) fgsk ns/ t~v/ GkJh bJh n~Bk,
n~Jhnk, (2) wK ns/ t~vh G?D bJh nkJh, (3) S'N/ GkJh ns/ g[~so bJh fgoeb, ns/ (4) S'Nh G?D ns/
g[~soh bJh fgzBktb dk T[g:'r eod/ jB. fJBK PpdK Bkb t~v/ w?ApoK bJh nkdo dk ;zp'XB j[zdk j? Bk
fe tk;sfte oes ;zpzXK dk. ;zdoG fpzd{ nfjw j?^ ns/ nfjw s'A t~v/ ns/ S'N/ w?Apo UBK dh T[wo d/
nkXko s/ Pq/Dhfeqs ehs/ iKd/ jB.

d~yDh Bks/dkoh ftt;Ek ft~u T[wo Bk fe ghVh w[~y gfjb{ j?. ftnkj pkbh iK p/dkrk iK febJh pkjoh
ftnkj pzX{ ;w{j s'A pkjo j[zdk j?. g[~sohnK dk nkdkB^gqdkB (ndb^pdb) ns/ BIdhe pzX{iBK ft~u
ftnkj Bz{ gfjb fd~sh iKdh j?. ftnkj d/ fB:w fJ; soK jBL (1) nkgD/ jh r's d/ w?Apo Bkb ftnkj
eoBk Io{oh j?, ns/ (2) fJ~e bVeh dk ftnkj nkgD/ s'A t~v/ ;w{j d/ ftnesh Bkb j'Dk ukjhdk j?, gqzs{
Uj ftnesh bVeh d/ wksk^fgsk s'A S'Nk th j'Dk ukjhdk j?.t~v/ G?D^Gok ;zssh ns/ bVeh dh wK d/ S'N/
GkJh (noEks S'Nk wkwk) Bz{ gfjb fd~sh iKdh j?. fJ~e ftnesh nkgDh fe;/ th S'Nh G?D^Gok ;zssh ns/
nkgDh t~vh G?D dh g[~soh Bkb ftnkj eo ;edk j?. cb;o{g d~yD Gkos ft~u nkdkB^gqdkB ;zpzX ns/
UBK Bkb ;zpzfXs Bks/dkoh Ppd gkJ/ iKd/ jB. d~yD Gkosh Bks/dkoh ftt;Ek d/ pko/ ft~u b{Jh fvUw'
B/ fBwB fpzd{nK dk T[b/y ehsk j?^
1H ssekb nkdkB^gqdkB dk f;XKs
2H ;wkfie ;w/eD dh Bhsh
3H fJ~e ;ze[fus y/so ft~u pzX{ ;w{j dk r[~SheoD
4H oes ns/ ftnkj T[Zs/ nkXkfos pzX{iBK ft~u ;gPN nzso dk nGkt
5H ;wki ft~u n"osK bJh nfXe ;[szsosk

5H2H8 g{oph y/so ft~u Bks/dkoh g{oph y/so ft~u Bks/dkoh
5H2H8
5H2H8 g{oph y/so ft~u Bks/dkoh
5H2H8
5H2H8 g{oph y/so ft~u Bks/dkoh g{oph y/so ft~u Bks/dkoh
j'o y/soK dh soK g{oph y/so G{r'fbe fdqPNh Bkb ;zfBfjs BjhA j?. T[Zsoh GkPktK s'A fJbktk w[zvkoh ns/
w'Ayw'o GkPktK th p'bhnK iKdhnK jB. fJ; y/so ft~u e'oe{, nBkwh, ;e, ;/wkBkrk ns/ yk;h ;w[dkJ/
ofjzd/ jB. j'o nk;Nq'^J/fPnkJh iBikshnK th ofjzdhnK jB.
w[zvkoh GkPktK p'bD tkb/ ;G b'eK ft~u fgsqtzPh ns/ fgsq;EkfBe gfotko gkJ/ iKd/ jB. j' ns/ ;zEkb
b'eK ft~u G?D^Gok ;zssh ftnkj gqEk gkJh iKdh j?. gqzs{ id'A s~e p{nk iK wkwk fIzdk jB Uj b'e UBK
dhnK g[~sohnK Bkb ftnkj BjhA eo ;ed/. fJ; Pos d/ ekoD G?D^Gok ;zssh ftnkj Bk d/ pokpo j'
iKd/ jB. T[dkjoD bJh p'Av' ;w[dkJ/ ft~u G?D^Gok ;zssh ftnkj T[Zs/ o'e BjhA j?, gqzs{ n?fbtB d/ nB[;ko
UBK ft~u G?D^Gok ;zssh ftnkj dk T[dkjoD fwbdk j/. j' ns/ w[zvk ;w[dktK ft~u e[nkfonK ns/ e[nkohnK
bJh nb~r nktk;^xo jB fiBK Bz{ x'N[b fejk iKdk j? ns/ UBK ft~u ftnkj s'A gfjbK :"B ;zpzX ;Ekfgs
j' iKd/ jB. ed/ ed/ fJj ;zpzX ftnkjK ft~u gfotofss j' iKd/ jB, gqzs{ pj[s tko ftnkj nktk; xoK
d/ fdBK d/ ;kEh s'A fGzB j[zdk j?. fJj ;G b'e pkjohfttkfje s'A b? e/ N'N/fwe r'sK ft~u ftGkfis jB.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

91