Page 102 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN fi; s'A ;gPN j? fe iksh o{VhnK, gozgoktK ns/ fB:wK (dogmas) ft~u ftPtk; d/ fg~S/ Xow jh fBPfus
o{g Bkb gq/oe Pesh fojk j?. iksh d/ Gft~y d/ ftP/ ft~u GkoPk;soh wzBd/ jB fe feUAfe ikshnK d?th
ouBk jB, fJ; bJh fJBK dk n;fs~st pfDnk oj/rk.
j~NB, foIb/, j'p/b, eq'po nkfd ;wkfie wkBtPk;sohnK B/ ;z;feqfse fdqPNhe'D Bz{ uko fdPktK ft~u
;gPN ehsk j?L ;zrmBkswe (Organisation), ;zouBkswe (Structural), ;z;Ekswe (Institutional)
ns/ ;zpzXkswe (Relational). j~NB nkfd dh ;zrmBkswe ns/ ;zouBkswe ftukoXkok d/ nB[;ko iksh
gqEk e/tb Gkos ft~u jh gkJh ikD tkbh nd[~sh ftt;Ek j?. d'jK ftukoK (;zrmBkswe ns/ ;zouBkswe)
ft~u nzso e/tb J/Bk j? fe gfjbk ftuko iksh ftt;Ek dh T[sgsh T[Zs/ e/Adfos j? ns/ d{ik ftuko iksh
ftt;Ek d/ ftek; ns/ ;zouBk ft~u nkUD tkb/ gfotosB dhnK gqfeqnktK Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. foIb/ ns/
eq'po fij/ ftdtkBK dk ;z;Ekswe fdqPNhe'D iksh Bz{ e/tb Gkos d/ gq;zr ft~u jh nB[e{b BjhA wzBdk, pbfe
gqkuhB fw;o, w~XekbhB :{og ns/ toswkB d~yD ;z:[es oki nwohek ft~u th fJ; Bz{ nB[e{b wzBdk j?.
;zpzXkswe fdqPNhe'D tkb/ ftdtkBK dk wzBDk j? fe iksh fijhnK ;fEshnK ;?Bk, tgko^gqpzX, c?eNoh
nkfd ft~u th gkJhnK iKdhnK jB ns/ ;wki ft~u iksh ftt;Ek dh T[g;fEsh iK nD^T[g;fEsh ;w{jK
ft~u rshPhbsk dh T[g;fEsh iK nD^T[g;fEsh Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zdh j?. i/eo rshPhbsk nkw j't/rh sK
iksh ftt;Ek BjhA j't/rh gqzs{ i/eo fJ; ft~u o[ektN j't/ sK iksh ftt;Ek j[zdh j?.

6H1
iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1
iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1 iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK
iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ftP/PsktK (Characteristics of Caste System)
6H1
6H1
iksh dh ;zouBk dk nfXn?B fJ; dhnK gqw[~y ftP/PsktK d/ ftPb/PD d[nkok ehsk ik ;edk j?. p{rb B/ iksh
d/ fszB s~s d~;/ jBL tzPkB[rs ftP/P~rsk, Pq/Dhp~Xsk ns/ nkeoPe ns/ fto'Xl j'ekoN B/ Xkofwe feqnk^ebkgK
dh gft~sosk ns/ ngft~sosk T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?, id'A fe foIb/ B/ nzso^ftnkj (endogamy) ns/ tzPkB[rs
g/P/ (occupation) T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?. X[o/, e/beo, n?BH e/H d~s nkfd B/ th fJBK ftP/PsktK t~b ;ze/s ehsk
j?. fJBK ftP/PsktK Bz{ d~;d/ j'J/ fJBK ;G ftdtkBK B/ iksh Bz{ fJ~e fJekJh ns/ fJ~e ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u nzso
BjhA ehsk j?. fJ; nzso Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~yd/ j'J/ fJj wzfBnk ik ;edk j? fe fJ~e fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh
dhnK fJj ftP/PsktK jBL tzPkB[rs ;d~;sk, nzsoftnkj, fBPfus eko'pko ns/ iksh ;fwshnK, id'A fe
ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK jBL Pq/Dheqw, ykD^gkUD T[Zs/ gqshpzX ns/ ;ohfoe ns/ ;wkfie
d{ohnK T[Zs/ gqshpzX. n;hA iksh dhnK fJBK ftt;EktK ns/ fJekJhnK dk t~y t~y ftt/uB eoKr/.
6H1H1 ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H1 ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H1 ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H1 ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H1 ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
(n) iBw T[Zs/ nkXkfos Pq/Dheqw (Hierarchy based on birth)^^ ^^ ^fe;/ th d' ikshnK dh fJ~e ;wkB
(n) iBw T[Zs/ nkXkfos Pq/Dheqw
(n) iBw T[Zs/ nkXkfos Pq/Dheqw
(n) iBw T[Zs/ nkXkfos Pq/Dheqw
(n) iBw T[Zs/ nkXkfos Pq/Dheqw
;fEsh BjhA j[zdh. fJ~e iksh dk d{ih iksh Bkb ;zpzX dk ;so T[Zuk iK BhtK j[zdk j?. iksh Pq/Dheqw ftt;Ek
ft~u jo iksh dk fBPfus iK nB[wkfBs ;so iK gq;fEsh dk fBoXkoD eoBk i/eo n;zGt BjhA sK w[Pfeb
Io{o j?. Pq/Dheqw d/ fBoXkoD ft~u d' sohe/ ngDkJ/ rJ/ jBL ntb'eD ftXh ns/ ws^w[~bKeD ftXh. ntb'eD
ftXh ft~u iksh dh gq;fEsh fBoXkoD d/ bJh iK sK ;ze/sBkswe (attributional) ftXh iK nzsofeqnkswe
(interactional) ftXh gq:'r ehsh rJh j?. ;ze/sBkswe ftXh iksh dh gq;fEsh dk fBoXkoD T[; d/ fttjko
s'A eodh j?l T[dkjoD bJh ngwkBiBe eko'pko eoBk, fJ; dhnK gqEktK, Pkekjkoh j'Dk ns/ wfdokgkB nkfd
nkdsK. nzso feqnkswe ftXh d' ikshnK d/ fJ~e d{i/ Bkb ;zpzX ft~u gq;fEsh dk w[~bKeD UBK d/ ykD^gkD
dhnK nzsofeqnktK ns/ ftnkj ;zpzXK d/ ntb'eD d[nkok eodh j?. i/eo “n” iksh “p” iksh dh bVeh Bkb
ftnkj eoBk ;theko eo b?Adh j?, gqzas{ T[; iksh ft~u nkgDh bVeh BjhA fdzdh sK “n” dk ;so “p” d/ ;so
s'A T[Zuk j't/rk. fJj nB[b'w (hypergamy) ftnkj fB:w d/ ekoD j? fi; d/ nB[;ko fBwB iksh dh bVeh
T[Zu iksh ft~u ftnkj eo ;edh j? gqzs{ fJ; s'A T[bN BjhA. fJ;/ soK i/eo “n” iksh d/ w?Apo “p” iksh
d/ w?ApoK dk G'iB ;theko BjhA eod/, gqzs{ “p” iksh d/ w?Apo “n” iksh s'A G'iB ;theko eo b?Ad/ jB sK
fJj “p” iksh d/ T[Zgo “n” iksh d/ Pq/Pm ;so Bz{ gqrN eodk j?.

ws^w[~bKeD (opinion-assessing) ftXh ft~u ;w{fje Pq/Dheqw ft~u ftfGzB ikshnK dh gq;fEsh d/
fBoXkoD ft~u fGzB ikshnK d/ T[ZsodksktK d/ ws t~b fXnkB fd~sk iKdk j?. ws^w[~bKeD ftXh dk ntb'eD

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